This detailed Grade 12 IEB Physical Science summary covers stoichiometry fundamentals, including calculations for mass-mass, mass-volume, and volume-volume reactions. It explains mole ratios, limiting reactants, and percentage yield with examples, making it ideal for students needing a clear resour...
balanced to
must be obey law of conservation of mass the , balancing numbers
mole ratios between reactants and products
represent
-
H2 O2 H2O numbers referred to stoichiometric
(balancing
:
1 2
.
·
as
2 mol I mol 2 mol Coefficients)
-
used in
calculations
1 . Mass-mass calculations
calculate the mass of produced 29
example
oxygen when
4g of potassium
:
,
Chlorate decomposes completely according to the
following balanced
equation .
2k(10g(s) -
> 2k((is) + 30 19) ,
Step 1 Convert the mass to moles (n
given
:
M 39 35 5 3(16) mol
122
59
= + + = .
,
,
n
= =24
Step 2 : use mole ratio between KCIOs Cused) and Oz (formed)
KCLO3 :
Oz
2 mol :
3 mol
1 mol : 1 5 my
.
0 , 24mol :
1, 5 x 0, 24 =
0, 36 mol
Step 3 Calculate
:
the unknown
quantity (mass
o produced
02 M 2(16) mol
32g
: = =
.
M 32x0, 36 11 ,
529
m =
n .
= =
, . Mass-volume
2 calculations
25g of calcium carbonate reacts with excess dilute hydrochloric
example completely
:
balanced equation What
add
according
to the
following volume of carbon
.
dioxide collected at STP gas
CaCOz(s) +
2H(((aq)
-
>
CaCk(aq) + Hc0(1) + CO,
(g)
Step 1 Convert mass to moles (n)
given
:
+
M 40 3(16) mol
12
100g
= + + =
.
n
== =
0, 25
Step 2 : use mole ratio between CaCO3 Cused) and CO2produced
CaCO3 :
CO2
Ima : I mol
0 25 : 0, 25
,
Step 3 : Calculate the unknown
quantity (volume of CO2 produced
V nVm .
=
0 25. x 22 4 =
,
5 6 dm
,
. volume-volume
3 calculations
calculate the volume of
oxygen required
example : to convert 300dms of sulphur
sulphur trioxide at STP .
dioxide completely into
250 - (9) +
02(g) -
250319)
1 Convert volume
Step given to moles (n)
:
n = = = 13 , 393mo
Step 2 : use mole ratio between So, and 02
SO2 :
02
zmal : I mal
13 , 393 : 6 , 697
Step 3 Calculate the unknown
quantity (volume of O2 produced
:
V nVm
.
=
6, 697x22 4 =
150 01am ,
,
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