This summary for Grade 12 IEB Physical Science explores momentum, impulse, and collisions, detailing both elastic and inelastic collisions. It covers Newton’s Second Law in terms of momentum, the impulse-momentum theorem, and conservation of linear momentum with examples. This guide is perfect fo...
Newtons Ind Law
I
WIN
in terms of momentum Inelastic Collision
objects collide and deform
defined The net force off make
as
acting on an
object
:
·
,
Il IIWI is equal to the rate of change of sound give off light, or heat up . The
,
momentum - Collision is Inelastic
and IMPULSE Fret =
P
(from Fret ma) Kinetic not conserved
equation t energy is only
: =
·
,
Momentum (P) · Fret & Yat ; net force is
inversely proportional momentum is conserved
· When object
an moving it has momentum
is to time taken for collision
defined as the product of the mass (m) and Elastic Collisions EK =* MV
-
:
·
velocity (v) of the object A system of colliding bodies A collision which Kinetic
· in energy is
Vector A group of two or
objects that interact and momentum conserved
equation p (kg ) more conserved
-1
o : =
my .
m S
.
-
· is
the faster the velocity or greater the mass is a system .
Impulse
·
-
momentum theorem
A system of
of an object the greater the momentum
·
colliding objects will experience
forces that the free t P
=
two horizontal will
change
.
impulse the product of the net force
momentum of each object
:
Collisions
·
· An Isolated event in which two or more moving Force of AonB Force of Aon B acting on an object and the
&
A B time for which it acts
bodies exert equal but opposite forces on eachother
Fond"
I
fron ·
equation : 1 =
fret At (N.S) -
Vector
(forces different objects)
.
act on
t
the forces that are experienced
·
equivalent to change in Momentum (AP)
·
during a collision
· Internal forces are the action-reaction forces
the
act for a very short time interval and they can
Seat belts and airbags
Momentum of each object.
exerted by the objects on eachother
during
If time taken to come to rest increased
n
the collision
·
,
· forces acting during a ave
then netforce acting on
passenger decreases
, Frei ·
external forces such as friction also act on
collision are not constant >
therefore average force is
each object during the collision Arrester beds
ensure the momentum of the truck
better measure Isolated
system
is
·
a of force
of time
acting on object At(s) · When the mass of a system in constant and no changed over a
long period
net external force acts on the system in sports
use
Change in Momentum (AP) ·
Ap system O
through
=
o'follow increase contact time
· When there is a change in the velocity of the object ,
0.. Momentum of an Isolated
system does not
object collision
Chockey tennis golf etc .
the momentum of an will
change during
,
change a
,
·
equation :
Ap
=
mar (Pt-P. for any collision of 2 masses (m) and (M)
Conservation of linear momentum
o + 1
sign indicates the direction of the change in
D fnet equal and opposite
momentum Law of conservation of linear momentum :
② Ap equal and opposite
momentum always same direction The total linear momentum of an Isolated
o change in as
3 acceleration of (m) > acceleration of (M)
net force acting on object system remains constant (is conserved)
① impulse equal and opposite
·
equation :
pbefore
=
patter
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