NSCI 421 Test 2 Questions & Answers 2024/2025
how is movement controlled - ANSWERS-motor neurons
-central pattern generators
-sensory feedback
-mesencephalic locomotor region
brainstem nuclei - ANSWERS-contains the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR)
local circuit neurons - ANSWERSc...
how is movement controlled - ANSWERS-motor neurons
-central pattern generators
-sensory feedback
-mesencephalic locomotor region
brainstem nuclei - ANSWERS-contains the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR)
local circuit neurons - ANSWERScontains the spinal cord interneurons and CPGs
motor neurons - ANSWERSthey are the final common pathway for movement
What does the BG and cerebellum not do? - ANSWERSthey do not contact lower motor neurons and
they do not send projections to the spinal cord
How do the BG and cerebellum influence movement? - ANSWERS-via the continuous loops through the
thalamus
-direct projections to the motor control nuclei in the MLR
alpha motor neuron - ANSWERSinnervates skeletal muscle fibers (large)
gamma motor neuron - ANSWERSinnervates muscle spindles (smaller)
medial motor neurons - ANSWERSinnervate trunk muscles
lateral motor neurons - ANSWERSregulate the limb muscles
, motor pool - ANSWERSall motor neurons innervating a single muscle
motor unit - ANSWERSa single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates
**each muscle fiber within this has the same physiological and metabolic properties**
small motor neurons - ANSWERScontract slowly, small amount of force and force is maintained
large motor neurons - ANSWERSfibers contract rapidly with large amount of force and force is
maintained only briefly
alpha motor neuron inputs - ANSWERS-local circuit interneurons in the spinal cord
-monosynaptic and polysynaptic input from sensory afferents
-monosynaptic and polysynaptic input from upper motor neurons
**are the final common pathway for movement**
ipsilateral - ANSWERSspinal interneurons can project axons to the same side of the spinal neurons
contralateral - ANSWERSspinal interneurons can project axons to the opposite side of the spinal cord
intrafusal fibers - ANSWERSare arranged in parallel with extrafusal fibers
spindle afferents - ANSWERSa group of 1a sensory axons, are arranged around the central part of the
spindle
gamma motor neurons (muscle) - ANSWERSinnervate intrafusal fibers and control sensitivity of the
spindle
muscle spindle schematic - ANSWERS
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