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NTR 401 Exam #2 Questions and Answers
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NTR 401 Exam #2 Questions andAnswers
Cells in the bone that use hydrochloric acid and proteases to dissolve bone matrix and
mineral - Answer-osteoclast
Calcitriol is a shorter term for the chemical structure - Answer-1,25
dihydroxycholecalciferol
Phylloquinone is... - Answer-the chemical form of vitamin K that is synthesized in plants
Each of the following food components reduce the uptake of minerals from the diet -
Answer--oxalic acid
-phytate
-tannins
-(NOT lactose)
Which types of research was used used in setting the revised RDA for vitamin D in the
2011 Institute of Medicine report? - Answer--The concentration of 25-OH vitamin D in
serum in healthy and chronic disease states
-The relationship between vitamin D and osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and rickets
-The relationship between vitamin D intake and 25-OH vitamin D in serum
Increased dietary fiber can be associated with decreased serum cholesterol levels
because... - Answer-enterohepatic recirculation of bile salts is increased by the bile salts
binding to the fiber
In contrast to osteoporosis, the diseases osteomalacia and rickets are likely to.... -
Answer-Be caused by low intake of vitamin D, not calcium, and be characterized by a
normal volume of bone that is more poorly mineralized
Blood pH is LEAST likely to be affected or regulated by which of the following factors? -
Answer--Buffering by protein and organic acids in the blood
-Excreting varying ratios of cations to anions into the urine by the kidneys
-LOSING EXCESS MOISTURE THROUGH THE SKIN BY PERSPIRATION
-Removing carbon dioxide from the blood through the lungs
One of the few examples of excretion of intact proteins from the body is... - Answer-In
the pancreatic fluid from the exocrine pancreas
Bones and teeth constitute the largest body storage of ALL of the following minerals
EXCEPT.... - Answer--Calcium
-Fluoride
-Phosphorus
, -ZINC
The region of the bone most commonly fractured in individuals with osteoporosis is... -
Answer-Ball (epiphysis) of the femur
The metabolic role of vitamin K that inks the physiology of bone development and blood
clotting is... - Answer-Adding a second carboxylic acid to a carboxylic acid side chain on
glutamic acids in specific proteins
Toxic outcomes from taking in very high levels of supplemental vitamin D include ALL of
the following EXCEPT... - Answer--Calcium deposits in soft tissue, such as muscle or
calcium crystals radiating from the bones
-Calcium deposits in the blood vessels leading to cardiovascular disease
-INCREASED COLON CANCER INCIDENCE
-Cognitive or intellectual disabilities in infants
The latest RDA for vitamin D in men and women is 600 I.U. per day, based upon
_________ research; however 2000 I.U. per day is an intake that may be more optimum
based upon ___________. - Answer-Bone heath; serum 25-OH vitamin D at an
optimum value of 75 nmol/L or 30 ng/mL
Aging-related sarcopenia might be reduced b increased levels of ALL of the following
EXCEPT - Answer--ASCORBIC ACID
-Insulin
-Leucine
-Vitamin D
Meat is an important dietary source of __________ and _________ due to the functions
of these minerals in muscle tissue. - Answer-Iron; Zinc
A characteristic feature of red muscle fibers, in contrast to white muscle fibers, is a
higher content of the protein, _________, which allows for greater __________ activity.
- Answer-Myoglobin; aerobic
A dietary supplement that can expand the volume of muscle fibers and aid in providing
energy for short term activity is... - Answer-Creatine
Growth of muscle fibers resulting from resistance exercise and increased protein
synthesis depends on recruitment of _________ to donate their nuclei to damaged or
stressed muscle fibers. - Answer-Satellite stem cells
The concept of measuring protein quality in different foods... - Answer-Attempts to apply
a coefficient to protein quantity in that food that separates the portion of protein that can
be used for body functions from that which is used for energy or lost in feces
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