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ESS 345 - EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED

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ESS 345 - EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED smooth muscle - Fibers; non-striated, spindle-shaped, unnucleated. - Involuntary, usually covering walls of internal organs. skeletal muscle - Fibers; striated, tubular, multi nucleated. - Voluntary, usually attached t...

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  • November 7, 2024
  • 24
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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ESS 345 - EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH

COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED


smooth muscle


- Fibers; non-striated, spindle-shaped, unnucleated.

- Involuntary, usually covering walls of internal organs.


skeletal muscle


- Fibers; striated, tubular, multi nucleated.

- Voluntary, usually attached to skeleton.


cardiac muscle


- Fibers; striated, branched and unnucleated.

- Involuntary, only covering walls of the heart.


epimysium


- Outer layer

- Connective tissue surrounding muscle


perimysium


- Middle layer

- Surrounds fascicles (bundles of muscle fiber)


endomysium

,- Inner layer

- Surrounds individual muscle cells (sarcomeres)


myofasical release


Also called foam rolling, said to increases joint range of motions.


plasmalemma


- Directly fuses to the tendon

- Cell membrane

- Conducts action potentials deep into muscle fibers through T-tubules

- Maintains pH, transports nutrients in/out of cell


sarcoplasm


- Cytoplasm

- Stores glycogen, glycolytic enzymes, and myoglobin


sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)


stores Ca2+


sarcomeres


- The smallest contractile unit of muscle cells

- Z-disk to Z-disk is one sarcomere


satellite cells


- Involved in muscle growth and development

- Aids response to injury, immobilizations, training

, myofibrils


- Contain actin (light filaments) and myosin (dark filaments)

- Generate force by shortening

- Hundreds to thousands per muscle fiber


myosin


- Thick filament (A-band)

- Globular heads interact with actin filaments for contraction


actin


- Thin filament (I-band)

- Intertwined filaments; actin, tropomyosin, troponin

- Anchored at Z-disk


I band


- Actin: myosin-binding site

- Tropomyosin: covers myosin-binding site at rest

- Troponin: Ca+ binds to troponin, shifting tropomyosin to reveal myosin-binding site


titan


Molecular spring.

- One of the largest proteins ever discovered

- Prevents the sarcomere from overstretching

- Elasticity and recoil of muscle attributed to titan


motor unit

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