Exam (elaborations)
PLS3702 EXAM PORTFOLIO 2024
- Course
- Modern Philosophy (PLS3702)
- Institution
- University Of South Africa
PLS3702 EXAM PORTFOLIO 2024
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PLS3702MODERN PHILOSOPHY
QUESTIONS, NOTES AND ANSWERS
FOR FURTHER CLARIFICATION PLEASE
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1.
René Descartes, ( 1596- 1650) was a French mathematician, scientist, and philosopher.
Because he was one of the first to abandon Scholastic Aristotelianism, because he
formulated the first modern version of mind-body dualism, from which stems the mind-
body problem. This essay is discussing and breaking down his theory of knowledge,
including Hintikka's criticism of his theory and what I think is the most convincing
between the two thinkers
Descartes speculated that for a person to develop knowledge, there is imperatively
some rational method for achieving it, and that the cost of the senses, or any other
individual ability was not a dependable purpose. In his third meditation he stated that, “I
know that even bodies are not perceived by the senses, or by the faculty of imagination,
but by the intellect alone” ( Descartes (69)). As a rationalist Descartes thought that this
withstood identically for everyone, that every Person have rational learned notions. He
inferred that knowledge of external things was a result of only the cognizance, and not the
senses. Descartes also foresaw that the entire universe was scientifically reasonable, and
that everything could be understood by deduction
In his Theory of Knowledge, Descartes inaugurated the significant methodological
technique – doubt. The method of doubt was established on the principle of “cogito ergo
sum” that is mostly translated as “I think, therefore I am.” This principle is primarily
idealistic, yet it is defined by the epistemological method. Descartes’ principle is meant
to discover the truth and natural fact, and it has played a crucial role in the process of
the modern science exhibition because it calls on to doubt everything and not to put up
with anything on trust or faith.
Descartes does not believe that knowledge is difficult to achieve. He asserted that the
sceptic find it very hard to abide any belief. he asserted that doctrinally that there is no
certainty and no path of assuming whether any theory is true or false. Descartes is more
careful and uses doubt barely in an interim and explorative sense – for him to examine
and criticize beliefs, not to deny these beliefs. His scholastic friends advised him to
speak of “pretended doubt” rather than “actual doubt”. Descartes’ belief in God enabled
him to accept many of the beliefs which, earlier, he had reason to doubt.
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