Summary
Summary IEB physics, chemistry section summery
- Course
- Physics - chem
- Institution
- 12th Grade
this is a well summarized, aesthetic summery of the complete IEB syllabus with examples included
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Content preview
1, CHAPTER 12/
Quantitative chemistry
MOLE CONCEPT
Described as the SI unit for the amount of substance.
1 mol contains 6,021023 particles (Avogadro’s constant)
Molar mass is defined as the mass in grams of 1 mol of that substance
𝑚
n = 𝑀 1 mol is defined as the amount of substance that has the same number of
particles as 12g of the commonest isotope of c12
VOLUME OF GAS
1 Mol of gas occupies 22,4dm3 at STP
𝑉
n=𝑉 where Vm is always 22,4dm3
𝑚
CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTION
• Solution is a homogenous mixture of solute and solvent.
• Solute is a substance that is dissolved in the solution.
• Solvent is a substance in which another substance is dissolved. Forming a
solution.
𝑛
c=𝑣
STOICHIOMETRY
Yield is defined as a measure of the extent of a reaction, generally measured by
comparing the amount of product against amount of product possible.
𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 100
% yield
𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
% yield = 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 × 100 oryield
or theoretical
× 100 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 theoretical
= actualyield = actual
yield
100yield ×
× % 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 % 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
Or
Or actual
actual yield
yield =
= theoretical yield
theoretical yield percentage
percentage yield
yield
𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
%
% purity
purity =
𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 × 100
= 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑒 × 100
𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
N.B.
N.B. limiting
limiting reagent
reagent
2
,CHAPTER 6
Chemical bonding
CHEMICAL REACTION
o Interactions between matter which generate substanes with new physical and
chemical properties
o The reacting substances are called reactants
o What is produced is called the products
o When a chemical reaction forms a chemical bond between 2 atoms or
molecules form, valence electrons are reaaranged to hold them together
o Lewis structures are used to represent unpaired electrons in elements
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
• The measure of how strongly an elements atoms attract a bonded pair of
electrons to themselves
3
, • The higher the electronegativity the more time the electrons spend with that
atom when it bonds
• EN difference = 0, the bond is pure covalent
• EN difference = greater than/less than 0, bond is polar covalent
• EN difference = metal + non metal, bond is ionic
(difference in electronegativity = EN)
IONIC BONDING
▪ A transfer of electrons and subsequent electrostatic attraction
▪ Exists between an atom with a high electron affinity which gains an
electron and forms an anion to fill the valence shell (non-metal) and an
atom with a low electron affinity which loses electrons to fill the valence
shell and forms a cation (metal)
▪ Metal + non-metal, forms crystal lattice as positive and negative will
balance
▪ Involves transfer of electrons to form ions
Lewis structures:
COVALENT BONDING
4
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through EFT, credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying this summary from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller kaylarwhite. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy this summary for R200,00. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
73216 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy summaries for 14 years now