uses of nonwovens - ANSWER--limited in apparel
-used in interlinings to stiffen certain areas in garments
-used in medical textiles
-fast and inexpensive to make
___________________is a form of nonwoven, made with extremely short staple length
(<1/8inch) fibers. In the 1970's futurists predicted that disposable apparel made out of
paper would be the norm Nonwovens are made today from a variety of fiber types
through a variety of processes. - ANSWER-paper
production of non wovens - ANSWER-· Nonwovens are fabrics made directly from
fibers without first processing the fibers into yarns.
· Historical prototypees for nonwovens are felt (wool fibers,) papyrus(cellulosic fibers),
and bark cloth
· Nonwovens are made today from a variety of fiber types through a variety of
processes.
· Production rates are very fast, and the fabrics are inexpensive
Nonwovens of same fiber and weight are 50 % cheaper than a woven
nonwoven formation - ANSWER-· Normally made from extruded continuous filaments or
fibrous webs strengthened by various techniques. Ie fabrics made directly from fibers
two basic steps involved in making nonwovens - ANSWER-· Formulation of fiber web
· Stabilizing the fiber web
most common material for films - ANSWER-polyurethane and vinyl
(film) vinyl - ANSWER-wash, stiffen when dry cleaned, stiffens in cold weather
(film) polyurethane - ANSWER-· -washable and dry cleanable, soft in cold weather
plain film - ANSWER-dense,uniform, firm
· Impermeable to air, water, soil and stain resistance, recover well from deformation
expanded film - ANSWER-spongier, softer, tiny air cells in film, not as strong or
abrasion resistant
· Not as strong or wrinkle resistant as plain
, random (web formation) - ANSWER-indicates that the fibers lie in all directions within thr
web, strength is uniform in all directions
webs of what kind of fiber use wet or dry methods - ANSWER-staple fibers use wet or
dry methods
in wet laying - ANSWER-the staple fibers are suspended in water, the water is removed
and the staple fibers are deposited randomly
in dry laying - ANSWER-air circulation causes deposition of the staple fibers to form
web.air laying fiber in different directions
Directly from extrusion
Spun- bonded - ANSWER-webs are made immediately after fibers are extruded through
spinnerets, in semimelted state fuse at crosspoints
Both plain and expanded have micropores punched in the fabric - ANSWER-this allows
breathability, air and water vapor can escape but liquid water cannot pass through
heat and pressure - ANSWER-· For this thermoplastic fibers are required
1) Spun bonding and melt blowing is a continuous process starting from the polymer to
the non woven fabric. The polymer is extended through spinneret holes and laid down in
a random fashion on a fast moving belt in a semi melted state, causing it to fuse at the
cross over point
2) Hot calendaring: the fibrous web is passed through the heated calender which
causes slight fusion and so the fibers bond on cooling
adhesive - ANSWER-· Adhesive or chemical bonding: a bonding agent is dusted or
sprayed onto the web and then cured and dried at high temperature
· The disadvantages of bonding agent is that it adds stiffness to the fabric and
decreases moisture absortion
Dry laid or wet laid webs
what fibers in web formation - ANSWER-· Any fiber that can be used-chosen for
properties
· Absorbent
· Strength/durability
Fibers in web can be arranged three ways: - ANSWER-oriented, random, crosslaid
oriented (web formation) - ANSWER-· indicates that the fibers lie primarly in the
lengthwise direction of the fabric, fabrics parallel, there is a grain to the web
crosslaid (web formation) - ANSWER-· indicates that the fibers are oriented lengthwise
and then crosswise in successive layers in the web
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