Statistics Vocabulary List
1st Quartile* - answer25th percentile of the observation below it
2nd Quartile - answer50th percentile of a data set, the Median
3rd Quartile - answer75th percentiles of a data set
68-95-99.7 Rule* - answerIn all score-based normal curves, 50% of the scores fall at or...
1st Quartile* - answer✔25th percentile of the observation below it
2nd Quartile - answer✔50th percentile of a data set, the Median
3rd Quartile - answer✔75th percentiles of a data set
68-95-99.7 Rule* - answer✔In all score-based normal curves, 50% of the scores fall at or above
the mean and 50% at or below the mean. (Approximately 68% of all scores fall within one
standard deviation of the mean, 95% within two standard deviations, and 99.7% within three
standard deviations)
Actual Sample* - answer✔Part of the population from which we actually collect information
Alpha - answer✔Known as SIZE or TYPE-1 ERROR. Type 1 Error: isn't fine but found out was
Fine, error that doesn't cost lives
Bar Graph* - answer✔Graph of the distribution of a categorical variable; can compare any set
of quantities measured in the same unitused with the categorical data to compare the sizes of
categories.
Bias* - answer✔If the design of a statistical study symmetrically favors certain outcomes
BoxPlot* - answer✔Based on the 5-number summary of a data set. Each value in the 5-number
summary is located over its corresponding value on a number line.
Categorical Variable (qualitative) - answer✔Any variable that is not quantitative is categorical.
Categorical variables have no numerical meaning. Examples: Hair color, gender, field of study
Chi-square* - answer✔Method for testing the association between the row and column
variables in a two-way table. Used to determine whether there is a significant difference
between the expected frequencies and the observed frequencies in one or more categories.
Coefficient of Determination - answer✔Assess how well a model explains and predicts future
outcomes
Complement* - answer✔Is the opposite of the probability of something happening. of an event
is the event not occurring.Given the probability of an event, the probability of its complement
can be found by subtracting the given probability from 1. The set of all outcomes in the sample
space that are not included in the outcomes of event A.
Control Group* - answer✔A group that does not receive the treatment
Convenience Sample* - answer✔A sample where the subject are selected, in part or in whole,
at the ease of the researcher. A statistical method of drawing representative data by selecting
people because of the ease of their volunteering or selecting units b/c of their availability or
easy access.
Correlation* - answer✔Measure the direction and strength of the linear association between
two quantitative variable (x and y) Possible correlations range from +1 to -1. A zero correlation
indicates that there is no relationship between the variables. A correlation of -1 indicates a
perfect negative correlation, meaning that as one variable goes up, the other goes down. A
correlation of +1 indicates a perfect positive correlation, meaning that both variables move in
the same direction together
Cut Point for Outliers - answer✔The conventional cut-off point is 4/n
Disjoint* - answer✔When two events share no common outcomes. To separate or disconnect
the joints or joining of; no outcomes
Double Blind* - answer✔Neither the experimenters nor the participants know which
participants are in the experimental and control groups.
Exhaustive - answer✔When a set of events comprises all possible occurrences of a reference
set
Expected Value - answer✔The counts we would expect -except for random variation-if the H0
were true
Experiment* - answer✔imposes some treatment on individuals in order to observe their
responses
Explanatory variable* - answer✔x-value Variable that explains or causes changes in the
response variable. The independent x variable
Form, Direction, Strength, outlier* - answer✔Form, Direction, Strength, outlier are information
that describes Scatterplots
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