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Oxidation and reduction notes R120,00
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Oxidation and reduction notes
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Neatly summarized notes of the IEB Chemistry notes. Simple explanations with images of Oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, galvanic cells etc. Images and annotations to help in understanding. Easy to read. For grade 10 to 12 Chemistry at school level.

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  • November 13, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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OXIDATION & REDUCTION

OXIDATION is the LOSS of electrons
Oxidationis loss
Increase in oxidation number OILRIG
Reduction is gain
REDUCTION is the GAIN of electrons
Decrease in oxidation number

An OXIDISING AGENT is a substance that accepts electrons
Always the reactant of the reduction reaction

A REDUCING AGENT is a substance that donates electrons
Always the reactant of the oxidation reaction

Spectator ions are ions which are not involved in the electron transfer

RULES FOR DETERMINING OXIDATION NUMBERS

1. Any uncombined element has an oxidation number of 0

2. Hydrogen has an oxidation number of 1+
unless bonded to a group I 2 element
3. Oxygen has an oxidation number of 2+
unlessbonded to a more electronegative element
4. Group 1 elements : 1+
Group 2 elements : 2+
Group 3 elements : 3+

5. Zn has an oxidation number of 2+

6. Oxidation state of a metal is given in its name
Eg. Iron(III) : 3+

7. Iodides, bromides, chlorides : have an oxidation state of 1-

Sulphides : 2-
Nitrides : 3-

8. Polyatomic ions

, 9. Compound - sum of oxidation numbers = 0
Polyatomic ion - “ ” = change on ion

HOW TO CALCULATE OXIDATION STATE

In a compound: Eg. H3PO4 solve for x

3 4 g

3 x
p St

In a polyatomic ion: Eg. ClO3-


6
Y X 6
5
1


i l St


ELECTRON TRANSFER

If electrons appear on the right of the equation
Oxidation

If electrons appear on the left of the equation
Reduction

Example:
Calcium atoms change to calcium ions

reagent
Ca -> Ca2+ + 2e-


Aluminium ions change to aluminium atoms


ox
If I Al2+ + 3e- -> Al

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