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Acids and bases

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Neatly summarized notes of the IEB Chemistry notes. Simple explanations with images of Acids and Bases, salts, titrations etc. Images and annotations to help in understanding. Easy to read. For grade 10 to 12 Chemistry at school.

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  • November 13, 2024
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ACIDS & BASES

IONISATION is the reaction of a molecule substance with water to produce
ions

AN ELECTROLYTE is a substance that can conduct electricity by forming
free ions when molten or dissolved in solution


Monoprotic Acids provide one proton
Diprotic Acids provide two protons
Triprotic Acids provide three protons



DISSOCIATED is the splitting of an ionic compound into its ions

NEUTRALISATION is the point where an acid & a base have reacted so that
neither are in excess

A SALT is a substance in which the hydrogen of the acids has been replaced
by a cation

BRONSTED - LOWRY:
Ht
ACIDS ARE PROTON DONORS

BASES ARE PROTON ACCEPTORS

CONJUGATE ACIDS & BASES

When an acid donates a proton, it forms a conjugate base


half reaction

Hellag Ht l aa

acid base

, When a base accepts a proton, it forms a conjugate acid

half reaction

NH aq Ht NHa aq
base acid
PROTOLYTIC REACTIONS OR PROTOLYSIS

all acid base reactions
PROTOLYTIC REACTIONS is one in which protons are transferred

In protolytic reactions there are two conjugate acid-base pairs



r
NH g Helig NHat l
B A B

AMPHOTERIC SUBSTANCES

An amphoteric substance can act as either an acid or a base

STRONG & WEAK ACIDS & BASES

 Strong acids are fully ionised in aqueous solution

 Weak acids are only partially ionised in aqueous solution

 Strong bases are fully dissociated in aqueous solution

 Weak bases are only partially ionised or dissociated in aqueous
solution

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