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NRSG 357: Stroke – Questions & Complete Solutions
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NRSG 357: Stroke – Questions & Complete SolutionsWhat are the 2 types of strokes? Right Ans - -ischemia
-hemorrhage
Define ischemia stroke Right Ans - -Clot in brain
-Inadequate blood flow to a part of the brain
-Results from inadequate blood flow to the brain from partial or complete
occlusion of an artery
-Further divided into thrombotic and embolic strokes
-partial or complete occlusion of artery
Define hemorrhage stroke Right Ans - -Bleeding; something bursts
-Bleeding into the brain that results in death of brain cells
-Results from bleeding into the brain tissue itself (intracerebral or
intraparenchymal hemorrhage) or into the subarachnoid space or ventricles
(subarachnoid hemorrhage or intraventricular hemorrhage)
-blood bursts into and damage brain tissues
What is the major public health concern with strokes? Right Ans - -7
million people over the age of 20 in the US have had a stroke
-34% of strokes occur in ppl younger than 65 yrs old
-Strokes are currently the 5th most common cause of death in the U.S.
-More than 137,000 deaths occur annually from strokes
-Stroke is the leading cause of serious long-term disability
-About 800,000 ppl have a stroke each year, with 15% to 30% with
permanent disability
What are the long-term disabilities of strokes? Right Ans - -Hemiparesis
-Inability to walk
-Complete vs Partial dependence ADL's
-Aphasia
-Depression
Define hemiparesis Right Ans - partial paralysis on one side
Define aphasia Right Ans - dysfunction in communication
,Functional deficits are directly related to the ______ involvement Right Ans -
artery
What happens after blood flow is interrupted? Right Ans - neurological
metabolism is altered in 30 seconds, metabolism stops in 2 minutes, and
cellular death occurs in 5 minutes
Where do the carotid arteries supply blood? Right Ans - -supply most of the
frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes, basal ganglia, and part of the
diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)
*supply anterior circulation
Where are the major branches of the carotid arteries? Right Ans - the
middle cerebral and anterior cerebral arteries
Where do the vertebral arteries supply blood? Right Ans - -join to form the
basilar artery, which branches to supply the middle and lower parts of the
temporal lobes, occipital lobes, cerebellum, brainstem, and part of the
diencephalon
*supply posterior circulation
What are the non-modifiable risk factors for stroke? Right Ans - -age
-gender
-ethnicity/race
-genetics
-fam hx
Which age group is at risk for strokes? Right Ans - -risk doubles ea decade
after 55 yrs
-older than 65 yrs
Which gender is a risk for strokes? Right Ans - -more common in men
-more women die from stroke than men
-women have more opportunity to suffer stroke bc they live longer
How are African Americans at risk for strokes? Right Ans - -twice the
incidence of stroke a higher death rate from stroke
-3x more likely than whites to have an ischemic stroke
-4x more likely than whites to have an hemorrhagic stroke
, -twice as likely to die from stroke than whites
-increased rates of HTN, DM, sickle cell anemia, obesity = related to higher
rates of strokes
-higher incidence of smoking and obesity
Hispanics, Native Americans, Asian Americans are at _______ incidence of
strokes Right Ans - higher
Hispanics are at ______ incidence of diabetes Right Ans - higher
Which ethnicity is more likely to have at least 2 risk factors for stroke?
Right Ans - Native Americans
What type of family hx puts people at higher risk for strokes? Right Ans - -
fam hx of stroke has an increased risk of having a stroke
-have at least 2 first-degree relative with hx of subarachnoid hemorrhage or
aneurysm should be screened to rule out anomalies in cerebral vasculature
-vascular disease
Which genes put people at higher risk for stroke? Right Ans - -genes
encoding products involved in lipid metabolism, thrombosis, and
inflammation are potential genetic factors for stroke
What are modifiable risk factors for strokes? Right Ans - -HTN
-heart disease
-DM
-cholesterol/smoking
-obesity/sleep apnea/lack of physical activity
-exercise/poor diet
-drug/alcohol
-meds
Which risk factor is the most common cause? Right Ans - HTN
What helps to reduce HTN risk? Right Ans - -goal is SBP <140 mmHg
-risk is reduced by 50% with meds but often undetected
Which heart diseases put a person at risk for strokes? Right Ans - -a fib, MI,
cardiomyopathy, cardiac valve abnormalities, cardiac congenital defects
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