ERHS 430 Exam 2 Questions & Answers 2024/2025
What is an arbovirus? - ANSWERSAn anthropod-borne virus
List a couple of arthropod vectors - ANSWERSTicks, Mosquitoes
Which viruses discussed have zoonotic reservoirs? - ANSWERSJapanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV), Eastern Equine Encephalitis Vi...
What is an arbovirus? - ANSWERSAn anthropod-borne virus
List a couple of arthropod vectors - ANSWERSTicks, Mosquitoes
Which viruses discussed have zoonotic reservoirs? - ANSWERSJapanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV), Eastern
Equine Encephalitis Virus (EEEV), and Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV)
Which viruses discussed have human reservoirs? - ANSWERSZika Virus and Chikungunya Virus
What are the general clinical symptoms, treatment, and prevention for each disease? - ANSWERSGeneral
clinical symptoms for mild cases include fever, headache, muscle or joint pain, and skin rash, while
severe cases include symptoms of high fever, confusion, tremors, seizures, paralysis, coma, or death.
Supportive care is the common form of treatment.
Prevention methods are to avoid mosquitoes and endemic regions.
Which of the 5 viruses have a commercial human vaccine? - ANSWERSJEV - Japanese Encephalitis Virus
What is the difference between a reservoir host and an incidental host? - ANSWERSA reservoir host is
infected by a disease, but experiences no corresponding symptoms. Amplifying hosts rapidly replicate
the infectious agent in high concentrations.
Which viruses described have a recent pattern of global emergence? - ANSWERSJEV and ChikV have a
recent pattern of global emergence.
State the prevalence and overall global burden of disease of malaria. - ANSWERSIndigenous in 91
countries, ~80% cases are in 15 countries
In 2016, ~216 million cases occurred worldwide with ~445,000 deaths.
, State the vectors for Malaria and Lyme Disease - ANSWERSMalaria: Anopheles mosquitoes
Lyme: black-legged ticks, Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus
State the organism name and type of pathogen for Malaria and Lyme disease - ANSWERSMalaria:
Protozoan parasite, genus Plasmodium
Lyme: Spirochete bacteria called Borrelia burgdorferi
What is the general geographic distribution of Malaria and Lyme disease? - ANSWERSMalaria is most
common in hot, humid climates with a lot of rainfall. This is the best breeding ground for mosquitoes.
Lyme disease is most common in the northeast region of the US due to its vast forests and hot, humid
summers. There are also large populations of mice and deer, which help the ticks spread across large
areas.
State the hallmark symptoms for Lyme disease. - ANSWERSErythema migrans (Bullseye rash).
How are both diseases treated and prevented? (generally, not specific drugs) - ANSWERSMalaria is
treated with IV drugs. Prevention includes chemoprophylaxis (expensive) and mosquito control (nets,
repellants). Lyme disease is treated with antibiotics and prevented by avoiding ticks.
What species does Scrapie infect? - ANSWERSsheep
What species does Kuru infect? - ANSWERShumans (cannibalism)
What species does Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) infect? - ANSWERSdeer, elk, reindeer, and moose
What species does Mad Cow Disease (BSE) infect? - ANSWERSCows
What species does Chronic Wasting Disease infect? - ANSWERSdeer, elk, moose, reindeer, sika deer
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