LSH4801
PORTFOLIO 2024
UNIQUE NO.
DUE DATE: 22 NOVEMBER 2024
, LSH4801
Portfolio 2024
Unique No.
Due Date: 22 November 2024
Advanced Medical Microbiology
Question 1
1.1 Immunofluorescence to Identify Streptococcus pyogenes
Application of Immunofluorescence:
Immunofluorescence is a diagnostic method that uses fluorescent-labeled antibodies to
detect specific antigens on microorganisms. To identify Streptococcus pyogenes:
Antibody Preparation: Use fluorescent-labeled monoclonal antibodies
specifically designed to bind to antigens unique to S. pyogenes (e.g., the M
protein or group A carbohydrate antigen).
Sample Preparation: Smear the isolated patient sample onto a glass slide and
fix the bacterial cells with heat or chemicals.
Antibody Application: Add the fluorescent-labeled antibodies to the slide. After
incubation, unbound antibodies are washed off.
Microscopic Examination: Use a fluorescence microscope to observe specific
binding. A positive identification of S. pyogenes will show fluorescence on the
bacterial cells.
Differentiation from Morphologically Similar Organisms:
1. Distinction from Other Streptococci:
o S. pyogenes belongs to Lancefield Group A. Perform a Lancefield
grouping test (serological grouping) to confirm the presence of group A
carbohydrate antigen.