PSYC342 Final Exam Notes Queen's University Questions + Answers Graded A+
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Course
PSYC342 Queen\\\'s University
Institution
PSYC342 Queen\\\'s University
Obedience - ️️Caused by an authority figure commanding one to do something
Milgram - ️️Interested in why people in Nazi Germany follow immoral orders. Was it
because of who they were, or were there social dynamics?
Factors learned from Milgram - ️️Physical Presence and Legitmacy
Pro...
PSYC342 Final Exam Notes Queen's
University
Obedience - ✔️✔️Caused by an authority figure commanding one to do something
Milgram - ✔️✔️Interested in why people in Nazi Germany follow immoral orders. Was it
because of who they were, or were there social dynamics?
Factors learned from Milgram - ✔️✔️Physical Presence and Legitmacy
Proximity, prestige, and the information presented (i.e. arguments) affect obedience
Victims proximity
If remote, high obedience; same room or touching has very low obedience
Group vs. Individual
If one is not in charge, very high obedience. Rebelling in a group decimates obedience
Gender
Women were obedient 65%; no real gender difference
Social Impact Theory - ✔️✔️Big part of obedience!
Strength
Immediacy
Number
Issues in Milgram Paradigm - ✔️✔️Ranges in obedience 30-90%
Psychiatrists and undergraduates estimated ~1-20% would be obedient. Far off.
Culture - ✔️✔️Most found obedience around that of Milgram. India had the lowest at
43%, South Africa had 88%. But avg. was 66%
Ethical Concerns of Milgram - ✔️✔️No informed consent provided
Extreme trauma for participants. Many actually needed therapy following the Milgram
experiment. There was no lasting psychological damage however.
Participants were told they could not leave
Methodological Concerns of Milgram - ✔️✔️Did they really believe they were doing
harm?
, Did they have a choice? (i.e. told they could not leave)
Did they have responsibility?
Escalation was not realistic
No time to reflect on actions made outside of the paradigm
Significance of Milgram - ✔️✔️Basically said any medium sized community in America
would obey their superiors the way the Nazi's did
Cited in numerous studies across numerous disciplines
Most powerful demonstration of lab experiments in capturing social dynamics
The Stanford Prison Experiment - ✔️✔️Participants signed an informed consent form
and study was cleared by an ethics board
Guards began to demonstrate aggressive behaviours and prisoners showed signs of
distress
Stopped after 6 days, but planned for 2 weeks
Goals of the SPE - ✔️✔️Examine the impact of deindividuation and dehumanization
processes in an isolated experiment
Examine the ability fo the social situations to overcome individual dispositions; said
anyone would fall into the role of a guard or a prisoner
Later came out and said there were 3 different kinds of guards which confirmed his
hypothesis, but as Fabrigar points out in class Zimbardo's kind of a dick
Conclusions of the SPE - ✔️✔️Situations can exert powerful influences over people
which causes them to behave in ways we cannot predict
Situational power is most salient in novel settings when people cannot call on previous
experience
Situational power involves the ambiguity of role boundaries and institutionalized
permissions to behave in a certain way, one's behaviour is not set in stone.
Role playing can have a real impact on the actors
Controlled experiments can capture the real-world feelings and processes underlying
behaviour and thinking
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