HES4809
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UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS
Jan/Feb 2024
HES4809
Integrated Environmental Management
100 Marks
Duration: 4 Hours
EXAMINERS:
FIRST: Dr. L. NCUBE
SECOND: PROF. TJM MCKAY
This paper consists of 5 pages.
Instructions:
1. Scan the QR Code on the next page when starting with your examination.
2. Answer ONE QUESTION FROM EACH SECTION. ALTOGETHER, YOU HAVE TO ANSWER FOUR
QUESTIONS, WITH EACH QUESTION FROM A DIFFERENT SECTION. Use clearly labelled diagrams or
illustrations to clarify your answer wherever appropriate.
3. Each question carries 25 marks.
4. Read each question carefully before you answer it.
5. Number your answers clearly. Use the same numbers for your answers as those used for the
questions in the examination paper.
6. Remember to number your pages.
7. Write your student number and all other relevant information required ‘’on your answer book’’.
8. Take note of the mark allocation for each question in order to determine how comprehensive your
answers should be.
9. Your answer per each of the selected questions should not be more than 5 pages long.
10. No referencing is needed: this is NOT an open book exam.
10 Be reminded to sign the Honesty Declaration at the bottom of this exam paper and attach it as an
appendix to your examination answer script.
[TURN OVER]
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HES4809
Date: 27 January 2024
INSTRUCTIONS ON THE DAY OF ASSESSMENT:
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scan this QR code. ACCESS CODE
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scanned as soon as possible to start the invigilation.
Exam Access Code: 2229d081
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HES4809
JAN/FEB
SECTION A (You must select either 1A or 1B here). DO NOT answer both!
QUESTION 1
A. Think about the meaning of Integrated Environmental Management (IEM) in the context of
climate change. To what extent can IEM help humans deal with climate change? Give examples
to support your answer. (25 Marks)
B. The effectiveness of IEM varies by regional contexts, regulatory frameworks, and industry
characteristics. Provide examples to illustrate regional differences in the application of IEM.
(25 Marks)
[25 Marks]
SECTION B (You must select either 2A or 2B here). DO NOT answer both!
QUESTION 2
A. Based on your understanding of IEM, what challenges do African governments face when trying
to implement IEM to achieve sustainable environmental management? (25 Marks)
B. When conducting EIAs, there is a suggested analytical framework for comprehending intricate
social-ecological systems. Comprehensively explain how these frameworks might improve
EIAs. (25 Marks)
[25 Marks]
SECTION C (You must select either 3A or 3B here). DO NOT answer both!
QUESTION 3
A. Explore how integrated approaches can be applied in different contexts, such as urban
development, pastoral land management, and wetland rehabilitation. Outline the common
principles or strategies that can be identified across these diverse applications. (25 Marks)
B. Stakeholder collaboration is crucial for an integrated environmental approach. What ways can
collaboration among diverse stakeholders be a challenge and how can the challenges be
overcome? (25 Marks)
[25 Marks]
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