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Summary Cuban missile crisis - IEB History
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- History
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- 12th Grade
Cuban missile crisis notes. Everything you need to know to write a good essay. I achieved a distinction in ieb final exams using these notes.
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CUBACuban missile crisis- 1962 (a year before JF Kennedy's assassination) the closest the world ever
came to nuclear war direct confrontation
Oct 1962- american U2 plane secretly photographed nuclear missile sites being built by the
soviet union on the island of cuba
- Americans owned most businesses on island and had
huge naval base
- Americans provided cuban ruler, general Batista with
economic and military support
- Batista was a dictator- rule corrupt and unpopular
- Americans supported batista primarily because he
opposed to communism
Fidel castro
- Plenty of opposition to batista in cuba
- 1959- fidel castro overthrew Batista
- Castro: charming, clever, ruthless, charismatic
- Killed, arrested or exiled many political opponents
- Castro was a clever propagandist
- Had vision for better cuba which won over majority of cuban
USA response
- Surprised, decided to recognise castro as new leader
- With short time relations grew worse
- 2 important reason:
● Thousands of Cuban exiles in USA who fled from castro's rule. They formed pressure
groups demanding action against castro
● Castro overtook some American owned businesses in cuba, particularly agricultural
businesses (sugar). He took their land and distributed it to supporters among cuban peasant
farmer population
- As early as 1960 Eisenhower authorised US central intelligence agency (CIA) to
investigate ways to overthrow Castro
- CIA provided support and funds to exiles
- Investigated ways to disrupt Cuban economy such as damaging sugar plantations
- America companies in cuba refused to cooperate with cuban businesses which used oil
or other materials imported from USSR
- American media broadcasted stream of criticism of casto and his regime
- Castro response to US hostility:
● mixed approach, assured americans living in cuba they were safe and allowed USA to
keep naval base.
● He said he simply wanted to run cuba without interference
● However, by summer 1960 he allied cuba to soviet union
● Khrushchev signed trade agreement giving cuba $100 mil in economic aid
● Began receiving arms from Soviet union and american spies knew
Jan 1961:
- KF Jennedy broke off diplomatic relations with Cuba
- Castro thought USA was preparing to invade
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