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Summary Hemichordata

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A summary of the chapter. Can be used to prepare for the exams

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  • Hemichordates
  • May 20, 2020
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  • 2019/2020
  • Summary
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By: nitacarstens26 • 4 year ago

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PHYLUM HEMICHORDATA:

Hemichordata are marine animals. They are bottom dwellers, living in shallow waters. Some colonial species live in
secreted tubes. Most are sessile or sedentary.

Characteristics of Phylum Hemichordata:
 Body divided into proboscis, collar and trunk
 Free-moving or sessile, burrowing, or live in secreted tubes
 Free-living
 Bilaterally symmetrical
 Soft bodied
 Wormlike or short and compact with stalk for attachment
 Triploblastic
 Single coelomic pouch in proboscis, but paired pouches in collar and trunk
 Ciliated epidermis
 Complete digestive system
 Longitudinal and circular muscles in body wall
 Subepidermal nerve plexus thickened to form dorsal and ventral nerve
cords, with a ring of connective in the collar
 Sensory neurons in proboscis function in chemoreceptors
 Colonies form by asexual budding or fragmentation
 Sexes separate, gonads project into body cavity
 A single glomerulus connected to blood vessels may have excretory functions
 Respiratory and filter-feeding system of gill slits connecting the pharynx with outside
 Circulatory system of dorsal and ventral vessels and dorsal heart

CLASS ENTEROPNEUSTA:

This class consists of acorn worm which are sluggish, wormlike animals that live in burrows or under stones in mud
or sand.




Form and Function:
Proboscis:
 Probes its surroundings and collects food in mucus strands
 Cilia carry particles to the groove at the edge of the collar, directing them
to the mouth to be swallowed
 This class also uses a pre-oral ciliary organ and gill slits to filter-feed
 They can simultaneously use filter and deposit feeding
 Burrow dwellers use their proboscis to excavate and some may ingest sand
as they burrow, extracting its organic contents
 In the posterior end of the proboscis is a small coelomic sac (protocoel)
into which extends a buccal diverticulum, a slender, blindly ending pouch
of the gut that reaches forward into the buccal region and was formerly
considered a notochord

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