These notes include definitions, DNA replication, the process of Transcription and Translation and an explanation on how antibiotics interfere with protein synthesis. The notes consists of diagrams and comprehensive explanations for better understanding. They are a summary of the grade 12 Mind Acti...
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Transcription- where, polymerase
Translation – amino acids, where
Codon and anticodon
How abberations occur: frameshift mutations: insertion, deletion, substitution.
Mutations can be caused by mutagens and chance
Replication
Replication: the process of making a new DNA molecule that is identical to the original
molecule.
Where:
In the nucleus during interphase
Why:
To ensure that the genetic code is passed on to each new daughter cell formed
during cell division
How:
1. The process is catalysed by the
enzyme DNA polymerase
2. The double helix unwinds
3. The weak hydrogen bonds holding
the base pairs together break,
allowing the two strands to part
(like a zip unwinding)
4. Each single chain base is exposed
5. Free nucleotides in the
nucleoplasm become attached to
their matching, exposed base
partners
The fact that only A=T and G=C makes sure that the sequence of bases in the daughter DNA
is exactly the same as the parent DNA. One DNA double helix therefore becomes two
identical double helices.
Protein synthesis:
Proteins: (which include enzymes) are the workhorses of all living systems
Types of RNA:
Messenger RNA: mRNA
Transfer RNS: tRNA
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through EFT, credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying this summary from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller jordankorevaar. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy this summary for R50,00. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.