This is a comprehensive summary of the work you will need to study for Chapter 5 - SOcial Development in the Adult Development section. These notes are neat and ordered and bullet-pointed to make studying easier. This summary will give you an in-depth understanding of this chapter. All relevant ter...
Chapter 5
Social development
Adult relationships
Intimacy
Derived from Latin – intimus = inner
Means establishing closeness with another person
Develops from self-disclosure
» Process - share your thoughts, feelings and experiences
» Must be reciprocal
o Mutual contributions
o Give and take
Express openness
Experience self-knowledge
Fear of intimacy = emotional unresponsiveness / negative self esteem
Establishing intimacy = critical development task
» Marking entry into adulthood
o Failure = hinders development/ negative implications across life span
First have to establish a personal identity
» Know themselves before they can love another
o Failure = feel threatened by long term relationships
overly dependent on partner as a source of identity
True intimacy = difficult task
» Conflict between desire for commitment & desire for independence
» Result = Genital intimacy
o Young adults form relationships based on sexual intimacy without emotional
intimacy.
Can lead to isolation
Lower levels intimacy in marriage = higher levels of loneliness
Relationship statues = degree of intimacy
» Major influence on romantic/ general loneliness
Intimacy = the fusion of two identities
» Freedom to remain an individual.
Any relationships with an emotional bond
Erikson = Intimacy versus isolation
» Resolved crisis = close give-take-relationships &with love
Love
Complex emotion that consists of many facets.
Emotional interdependence / vulnerability
Characterised = deep affection for another person
Influenced by
» Personalities of persons involved
, » Developmental stages
» Gender differences
» Cultural-historical context
Capacity to love = inherently human tendency – powerful effects on wellbeing (infancy – old
age)
Strong biological component
» Physiological responses = heart racing/ sweaty palms/ flushed cheeks/ loss of
appetite
» Various biochemical
o Dopamine – effect on genitals / sweat glands
feelings of excitement
o Testosterone – increases sexual desire
o Oxytocin – cuddle hormone / love hormone
Released when cuddling
Released when bonding socially
Maternal instinct
Orgasms
Friendship
Monogamy
Increases likelihood of aggression / violence
Robert Sternberg = Triangular theory of love
» 3 components
o Passion
Intense feelings - toward
another person
Beginning of relationship
Infatuation
Physical attraction is central
Intimacy has not yet been
established
Short lived
o Intimacy
Development of reciprocal trust/ openness / acceptance
Honest exchange of feelings
No fear of being rejected
Essential for relationship to grow/ develop
Basis of close relationships
o Commitment
Conscious decision to maintain the love relationship
Care for and support each other.
» Presence or absence =
o Liking:
Includes only intimacy
o Infatuation:
Based on Passion
Intimacy and commitment is lacking
, o Empty Love:
Based on Commitment,
Intimacy and passion is lacking
o Romantic love:
Passion and intimacy
o Fatuous love:
Passion and commitment
o Companionate love:
Intimacy and commitment
o Consummate love:
Consists of all 3 components: passion, intimacy and commitment
o Stand the test of time
o Survive all development-related changes
o Not all 3 components are equally strong
o Qualitive shifts
Whom do people fall in love with?
» Equity theory (economic theory)
o Close relationships - believe that what they are getting of the relationship is
proportional to what they are putting into it.
o Calculate the costs and benefits involved in interacting
o Criticised
Based purely on mutual exchange and is compared to a business
deal.
Ignored the feelings that people bring to their relationships
o We do not have relationships became they benefit us
o We have relationships because we love them
» Assortative mating theory:
o Mating based on similar or opposite characteristics.
Religious beliefs / physical traits / age /socio-economic status /
intelligence and political ideology
o At first - Attracted to those with similar values, attitudes and beliefs
Fundamental to how people live their lives
o Once in the relationships = personality similarities NB!!
Take longer to know
Influences marital happiness
o Regular interaction
o Extensive coordination
Personality differences = causes friction / conflict in daily life
Do all cultures value same characteristics??
» Cultural preferences
o Chasity (virginity)
Most variability
o Some highly desired
o Some does not matter
» Gender differences
o Consistent across cultures
Men = physical attractiveness
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through EFT, credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying this summary from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller anjaspanjas16. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy this summary for R80,00. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
