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CMY2604 Summary

Name: CMY2604 Summary
SKU: doc_76844
Rating: 4.67 (3 reviews)
Author: CharmaineB

12 purchases

Institution
University Of South Africa (Unisa)

This is a summary of all the information in the study guide. Note that there is a pink version available for those who do not like green - look under my other uploads. 24 pages.

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Uploaded on February 6, 2014
Number of pages 24
Written in 2011/2012
Type Other
Person Unknown

3 reviews

By: rosemarybeukman • 5 year ago

Helped me with the short study span and answered everything I needed to.

By: larissaferreira • 6 year ago

By: Monix • 9 year ago

CharmaineB Member since 11 year 1151 documents sold

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CMY2604
Dealing with South African children in conflict with the law

JANUARY 1, 2014
Charmaine Busch

, THEME 1: THE DEVELOPMENT OF
JUVENILE JUSTICE
1. THE HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF JUVENILE JUSTICE

1.1. ANTIQUITY

 Oldest legal code: code of Hammurabi – 2270 BC. If a son strikes his father, his hands shall be cut
off.
 Mosaic code: Old Testament. Basis for US legal system.
 Ancient Hebrews (600-400BC were first to make tripartite division of childhood: infancy (0-6y),
puberty (males: 7-13y; females: 7-12y), and pre-adulthood (from end of puberty to 20y).
 Codification of Roman law (450BC): Law of the Twelve Tables. At the age of puberty, children are
capable of criminal intent. 6y olds were hanged/burned at the stake.
 English criminal law recognised status of child.
 Anglo-Saxon period (AD449-1066): death sentence included youth. Age of majority: 10 or 12.

1.2. MIDDLE AGES

 Swaddling and wet nursing, disease, malnutrition, infanticide, child abandonment contribute to
the death of children.
 Few children received education. Sons worked the land. Daughters were a drain on the family.
 Boys as young as 7 were apprenticed.

1.3. RENAISSANCE

 Renewed interest in learning – children were educated.
 Protestant Reformation affected the handling and treatment of children with respect to their
moral training, education and discipline.
 Need for supervision of and attention to children was acknowledged.
 USA: families influenced by urbanisation. Children were increasingly placed in schools.

1.4. COLONIAL PERIOD

 1636-1823 in USA. Family: primary source of social control of children.
 Public dunking and whipping, expulsion from community, capital punishment, fines for parents.
 Puritan (English Protestants): training and discipline.
 1646 Massachusetts Stubborn Child Law: if the family couldn’t control child, fines given or child
removed. Workhouse was a possibility for stubborn children.
 Execution sermons were used as a warning against sin.
 17th and 18th centuries in England:
o Nuclear family structure became dominant. Children lived with parents, received
education, were disciplined for academic and moral lapses.
o Apprenticeship movement.
o Chancery courts established to protect welfare of children. Children were under the
collective protection of the King, who acted as ‘parens patriae’ (father of the nation).
o Holland and England influenced SA legal system. Corporal punishment and deportation
were common.

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