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Summary The Human Endocrine system R50,00
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Summary The Human Endocrine system
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This document contains everything that you need for the IEB human endocrine system. Glands/ organs covered in these notes include the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, the thyroid, pancreas and adrenal glands. Functions of the various hormones are covered as well as any illnesses/diseases that can...

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  • July 26, 2020
  • 5
  • 2018/2019
  • Summary

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Human endocrine system

 Responds to external changes
 Communicates throughout body via chemicles (hormones) >> secreted by
glands or tissue

Hormone
Organic chemical substance (protein/steroid) secreted by endocrine gland and
travels via blood to organ which regulates metabolic activities.
 Don’t last long (broken down by enzymes)
Types
1. Peptide (amino-acid)
2. Steroid

Endocrine gland
 Vascular, ductless gland

Target organ
 Hormone only affects that cell/tissue

Exo and endocrine glands
Exo – carried in ducts where it is needed
Endo – carried in blood stream

1. Hypothalamus
 In brain (glandular and nervous tissue)
 Secretes oxytocin
 Hormones ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) >>detects increased of low water
levels (asmolarity). – helps reserve water (when dehydrated) by blood
reabsorbing water in collecting ducts in water from kidney (less water is lost
in urine)

2. Pituitary gland (master gland)
Sends stimulating hormones to glands

, Growth disorders: when too little or too much GH is released.
1. Hypersecretion – too much
2. Hyposecretion – too little


3. Thyroid gland
 Secretes thyroxin (iodin is needed)

Function
 Increases basal metabolism (amount of energy body needs at rest)  
production of body heat in all body cells by controlling rate of cellular
respiration
 Promotes normal function of heart
 Promotes normal function of nervous system by increasing nervous activity
+ sharpening alertness +reflexes

Disorders
 Hypo = too low (can be treated by iodine supplements/synthetics) but once
physical/mental abnormalities >> cant fix

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