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Summary Meiosis Notes
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Meiosis is a large section that is covered in grade 11 for Grade 12. Meiosis forms part of the IEB final exam and is a crucial section to know. These notes contain all you need to know about meiosis.

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  • July 26, 2020
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  • 2019/2020
  • Summary

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Meiosis Notes
 Cell division that takes place in the reproductive organs to produce
gametes.
 # of chromosome is reduced from 2n in parent cell to n in each
daughter cell
 produces 4 daughter cells all different from one another + parent cell
 Gametes formed = haploid
 In sexual reproduction a male haploid gamete fuses with a female
during fertilization to form a diploid zygote

Mitosis Meiosis
2 identical daughter cells 4 un-identical daughter cells
1 division 2 divisions
For repair and growth Forms haploids for reproduction



Chromosome – long thread like structure that forms part of the chromatin network
(made up of DNA and histones)
- Linear in humans
Haploid number is same as
- 46 in somatic cells (normal cells) (2n – Diploid)
Bivalent number
- 23 in sex cells (n - Haploid)

 Eukaryotes – found in nucleus
 Prokaryotes – found in cytoplasm (nucleoid)

Karyotypes – map of organisms chromosomes
- 22 autosomes
- 1 sex chromosome

Homologous pairs – for each paternal chromosome is there a matching maternal
chromosome.
- Both the same size, shape and have the same genes in the same place but are
alleles (alternate forms of the same gene) for each trait may not be the same

Plody - # of sets of chromosomes
Anaplody - # of sets of chromosomes are wrong

Down syndrome – Trisomy 21 (3 chromosomes at position 21)
- Can survive at 21 because chromosome is very small therefor not many
genes are involved
- To see if baby has down an amneosyntethis must be formed to see the
karyotype

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