DEVELOP LEARNING PROGRAMMES TO ENHANCE PARTICIPATION OF LEARNERS WITH SPECIAL
NEEDS
Activity 1. (Page 13)
Describe at least three special needs for each of the following areas:
1.1 Physical
- Mobility and Physical Fitness:
Physical handicaps may cause various degrees of weaknesses and inco-ordination of the
limbs which may affect mobility, posture and manual dexterity. Other physical problems
such as heart diseases may cause poor exercise tolerance and low level of physical
fitness. All these may directly result in the child’s difficulty to cope with ordinary school
routine and limit their ability in exploring and understanding the environment.
- Perception and Concentration:
Besides the above-mentioned motor problems, neurological impairment may also cause
sensory deficiency or over stimulation which may disturb perception and concentration
inducing specific learning difficulties for the pupils.
- Emotion:
The disadvantageous position in which physically handicapped kids are placed may cause
them some emotional problems including low self-esteem, lack of self-confidence, fear of
changes in environment, apathy, over dependence on others, low level of aspiration, anxiety
and frustration. Some brain damaged children may also be hyperactive, aggressive or have
lack of emotional control.
1.2 Health
- Medical Issues:
Medical issues for children include serious conditions like cancer, heart defects, muscular dystrophy,
and cystic fibrosis. It also includes chronic conditions like asthma and diabetes, congenital conditions
like cerebral palsy and dwarfism, and health threats like food allergies and obesity. A child may need
frequent medical testing, hospital stays, equipment, and accommodations for disabilities.
Establishing a good support system is very important when dealing with the uncertainty and any
medical crises.
- Behaviour Issues:
Children with behaviour issues may not respond to traditional discipline. Diagnoses like ADHD, fetal
alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), dysfunction of sensory integration, and Tourette's
syndrome require specialized strategies that are tailored to their specific needs. Behaviour issues
1
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