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Summary Vertebrae Reproductive Strategies
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These notes contain: External and internal fertilization Ovipary, ovovivipary and vivipary amniotic eggs precocial and altricial development

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  • August 3, 2020
  • 4
  • 2017/2018
  • Summary

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2.1) Vertebrate reproduction strategies:
External fertilization:

Takes place underwater

It is wasteful with both eggs and sperm

Fertilization is not certain

How does external fertilization maximise production?

Huge numbers of eggs and sperm are created

Courtship rituals ensures that males and females are close to one another.

Internal fertilization

Terrestrial vertebrates

No water means there is no way for the sperm to swim to the eggs

The sperm is released directly into the female’s body

How does internal fertilization maximise reproduction?

Fertilization is more certain because the gametes are as close together as possible

Fewer gametes are needed

Energy is saved

Ovipary (eggs are laid)

Egg yolk is the only food for the developing embryos

How is ovipary maximised in aquatic environments:

Eggs released into the water and fertilized there.

Vast numbers ensure survival

High energy input is offset by less energy needed for parental care

How is ovipary maximised in land environments

Few eggs are produced

Saved energy is used for yolk production, protection and incubation for eggs, parental care and the shell to
protect the embryo.

Ovovivipary: (eggs produced and hatch inside body and live birthed)

Eggs are fertilized internally and kept inside the female until they hatch and the offspring are birthed live.

Embryo gets food from large amount of yolk

The embryo is not dependent on the mother except for physical protection and gaseous exchange.

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