These notes are based on the Focus Geography textbook. These notes are on the Development chapter of the textbook. They are in-depth and have images, graphs and tables to help you better understand the topics discussed.
Geographical Terminology used to Describe Development
First world
Industrialised
Rich world
Developed High
The haves
Countries income
MEDC The north
High human
development
index (HDI
0,8+)
Third
world Non-industrial/
Poor world industrialising
Developing Low
The have
nots Countries income
LEDC The south
Low human
development
index (HDI 0.5
-)
Looking at Development Across the Globe
Geographers use different terms to describe a country’s level of development category.
The most common factor used to separate countries is income:
Gross National Income: the total value of all goods and services produced in a country
per annum including foreign earnings.
, Gross National Income/capita: the average income the average person in a country
receives (GNI divided by population of country)
The North-South Divide
In 1980, the Brandt Report classified the world into the north and south.
South referred to countries with low income.
North referred to countries with high income
THE CONCEPT OF DEVELOPMENT
The Many Meanings of Development on Economic, Social and Sustainable
Development - the use of resources and technology to bring about an improvement in the
quality of life and standard living in a country.
Infrastructure - road, rail, air links, utilities and services.
Sanitation - clean sewage system and safe water
Basic Needs - what people need to live a healthy, productive life
Sustainable Development - development which balances economic, social and environment
objectives and maximises the well-being of a society.
Sustainable Development in our Bill of Rights
The SA Bill of Rights includes sustainable development as one of its rights.
Everyone has the right to:
An environment that is not harmful to their health or well-being
Have the environment protected for the benefit of present and future generations
through reasonable laws and other measures that:
- Prevent pollution
- Promote conservation
- Secure ecologically sustainable development and use of natural resources while
promoting justifiable economic and social development.
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