Summary
Summary Evolution by Natural Selection
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- Clarendon High School
Matric CAPS syllabus
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Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
What is the theory of evolution
Answer: The theory of evolution states that all things, living and nonliving, of today arose from things in the past
2.
What is biological evolution
Answer: Biological evolution refers to the changes of living things from a common ancestor.
3.
What is Biodiversity
Answer: A wide range of species and organisms making up those species
4.
What is the geographical time scale
Answer: an established scale that deals with the long periods of time of the earth
5.
What is extinction
Answer: A natural occurrence in which a total species dies off. Usually matches the rate of occurrence of a new species.
6.
When did the major animal groups appear
Answer: Cambrian Period
7.
What defines a mass extinction
Answer: when more than 50% of species vanish over a few million years
8.
What is a species
Answer: Similar organisms which interbreed to produce fertile offspring
9.
What is a population
Answer: A group of species in the same location
10.
What is variation
Answer: Differences within a population
Content preview
CHAPTER TENEVOLUTION BY NATURAL
SELECTION
HYPOTHESIS AND THEORY
● Observations made and facts analyzed during discovery inquiry which lead
to generalizations via inductive reasoning
● Explanatory inquiry allows scientists to try to find explanations for
those generalizations. These are the hypotheses.
● Deductive reasoning is used during hypothesis testing
● Laws are large generalizations. The fact-based explanation for these
laws is referred to as the theory.
EVOLUTION
● The theory of evolution states that all things, living and nonliving, of
today arose from things in the past
● Biological evolution refers to the changes of living things from a
common ancestor.
● ‘Descent with modification’
DIVERSITY OF LIFE AND EVOLUTION
BIODIVERSITY: a wide range of species and organisms making up those species
GEOLOGICAL TIME SCALE: an established scale that deals with the long periods
of time of the earth
EXTINCTION: a natural occurrence in which a total species dies off. Usually
matches the rate of occurrence of a new species.
● Major animal groups appeared during the Cambrian Period
● Mass extinctions are when more than 50% of species vanish over a few
million years
, VARIATION
SPECIES: Similar organisms which interbreed to produce fertile offspring
POPULATION: A group of species in the same location
VARIATION: Differences within a population
SOURCES OF VARIATION
1. MUTATIONS
2. CROSSING-OVER (MEIOSIS)
3. RANDOM ARRANGEMENT (MEIOSIS)
4. RANDOM FERTILIZATION
CONTINUOUS VARIATION
● Has a range of phenotypes for one particular characteristic
● Many genes are working together
● Polygenic inheritance
● Often affected by environmental influences
● Eg milk yield
DISCONTINUOUS VARIATION
● Does not have a range of phenotypes for one particular characteristic
● Can’t be measured across a complete range
● The characteristic is either there or it is not
● Controlled by alleles of a single gene
● Environment has no effect
EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
● Based off of major assumption
● The assumption is that species change through the forces of natural
selection and the evidence is that different species are related
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