These are IEB Grade 12 History notes concerning the Women's Liberation Movement in both the US and the UK. They are part of the theme Civil Society Protest which is assessed in the history paper 2.
19th century women capaigned for voting rights, equal pay, the right to work in “male” fields, the
right to education and marriage/divorce rights (First-wave feminism)
In the 1950s women had unequal opportunities
- Limited careers
- Seldom promoted
- Longer hours for less pay
- Seen as weak, emotional housewives
In the 1960s the “Women’s Movement” emerged (Second-wave feminism)
- Demanded equal opportunities as men
- Demanded the right to make their own decisions about their lives (greater independence)
- Inspired by “The Feminine Mystique” by Betty Friedan (1963)
National Organisation for Women (NOW)
American organisation founded 1966
- Campaigned to change laws and end discrimination in courts
o Laws concerning marriage and divorce, abortion, education and employment
- Lobbied for maternity leave and childcare centres so women could have kids and a career
National Women’s Liberation Conference
British organisation founded in 1970
- More radical than NOW
o Demanded equal pay, free contraception, abortion and childcare, independence
- Adopted more forceful tactics
Women’s Liberation Movement
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