These notes are for IEB Grade 12 History. They cover the Anti-war movements of the 60s and 70s including the Disarmament Movement and the Peace Movement. They fall under the Civil Society Protest theme and are examined in the IEB History Paper 2
Anti-Cold War and Anti- Nuclear Proliferation movement
- Wanted to prevent mutually assured destruction
- Realised nuclear testing was destroying the environment
UN and pacifists put pressure of the superpowers to “ban the bomb”
- Wanted international treaties to regulate nuclear weapons
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) 1958
- Adopted the peace symbol
- Held marches to protest (Aldermaston)
o Marches between London and Aldermaston (Atomic weapons research lab)
o First march during Easter, 4 – 7 April 1958
o 400 000 protestors (Largest in British history)
Protests spread to other countries
- Sit-ins, marches and peace vigils were held at nuclear facilities and test sites
o Eg: Greenham Common and Bikini Atoll
Legislation passed
Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1963)
- Signed by UK, USSR and USA
- Nuclear tests prohibited on land, in the sea and in the atmosphere (allowed underground)
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (1968)
- Stop the spread of nuclear weapons and promote peaceful use of nuclear technology
After the Cuban Missile Crisis was resolved the movement declined
- Focus shifted to the Vietnam War and the Peace Movement
Anti-War Movements
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