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  2.  
  3. Stellenbosch University (SUN)
  4.  
  5. Psychology 243 (PSYCH243)

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Summary Psychology 243 Exam & Test Summaries

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These are comprehensive notes & summaries for Psychology 243. It covers chapters 1, 2, 5, 6, 10, 11, 13, and 16. I got a distinction for both the test and exam by only studying from these notes.

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  • November 3, 2020
  • 69
  • 2020/2021
  • Summary

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CHAPTER 1:
RESEARCH DESIGN IN PSYCHOLOGY:

OBJECTIVES:

• Describe in detail the various methods by which human beings acquire knowledge including
the scientific method
• Compare the scientific method with other means of acquiring knowledge
• Describe and contrast inductive or probabilistic reasoning, and deductive reasoning
• Discuss reductionism in social science research


DEFINITIONS:

• Research: to look again
• Social: people/human beings
• Sciences: process of systematic inquiry (gain knowledge) which makes sense (logical), has a
reference (observed evidence) and gives an explanation (theory).



KNOWLEDGE:

• How does society progress?
◦ by constantly generating new knowledge
◦ formulating specific questions and finding answers to them
◦ Understanding ourselves and our environment


• Epistemology = The study of ways of knowing about the world (i.e., the question: ‘what is
knowledge?’)
◦ Non-scientific methods
◦ Scientific methods


NON-SCIENTIFIC METHODS:

1. METHOD OF AUTHORITY:
• relying on the knowledge and “wisdom” of prominent people,
• e.g. religious leaders, politicians, elderly people, kings in feudal societies, technocrats, etc.
• Critique: allows individuals to hide the superficiality of their knowledge, its underlying
ideologies, and weaknesses in judgment


2. MYSTICAL METHOD:
• Based on texts or supernatural source


3. INTUITIVE METHOD:
• Ordinary reasoning through instinct/intuition
©madri van wyk, 22731202 1

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