Test Bank For Brock Biology of Microorganisms 15th Edition By Michael T. Madigan 2024 A+
Test Bank for Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 15th Edition by Madigan, 9781292235103, Covering Chapters 1-33 | Includes Rationales
Buy the official test bank for Brock Biology of Microorganisms, Madigan,15e
All for this textbook (81)
Written for
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (RuG)
Biologie
Microbiology (WBBY02205)
All documents for this subject (15)
Seller
Follow
stijnvantrijp
Content preview
HC13 Metabolic diversity IV -
Carbon-cycle, Methanogenesis,
Fermentations (BOOK)
Chapter 14.16, 14.17, 14.19, 14.20, 14.22 and 14.23
CH14 Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms
14.16 Acetogenesis
Acetogens and methanogens use CO2 as electron acceptor for energy conservation.
Acetogens carry out the reaction:
4 H2 + H+ + 2 HCO3- —> CH3COO- + 4 H2O
Acetogens reduce CO2 to acetate by the reductive acetyl-COA pathway. The reactions in this
pathway are reversible.
When growing on glucose, acetogens use glycolysis to oxidise the glucose into pyruvate which is
further oxidised to produced acetate.
The reductive acetyl-CoA pathway of CO2 fixation is not a cycle but it catalyses the reduction of CO2
along two linear pathways:
A key enzyme to this pathway is carbon monoxide (CO) dehydrogenase which catalyses the reaction
to CO.
Electron bifurcation is an application of a basic concept that endergonic reactions can be driven
forward by coupling them to exergonic reactions.
, 14.17 Methanogenesis
Methanogens also catalyse the process of methanogenesis which is the biological production of
methane. The reduction of CO2 by H2 to form methane is a major pathway of methanogenesis and if
a form of anaerobic respiration.
Methanogenesis from CO2 requires eight electrons, and these electrons are added two at a time this
leads to intermediary oxidation states of the carbon atom from +4 (CO2) to -4 (CH4).
There are several coenzymes involved:
- C1 carriers (carry the C1 unit)
o Methanofuran
o Methanopterin
o Coenzyme M
o Coenzyme F430
- Redox coenzymes (donate electrons)
o Coenzyme F420
o 7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine
phosphate (B or CoB)
Methanogenesis from CO2 + H2
1. CO2 is activated and reduced
2. Formyl group is transferred and dehydrated
and reduced to methylene and methyl
3. Methyl group is transferred to CoM
4. Methyl-CoM is reduced to methane which is
reduced to CH4
Methanogenesis can also start from another C1 than
CO2, examples are methanol and acetate:
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through EFT, credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying this summary from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller stijnvantrijp. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy this summary for R58,34. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
