Detailed notes that summarise the Geography IEB syllabus of Mapwork. Included in these notes are important definitions and concepts to learn as well as diagrams that make the section more understandable. These notes have everything to do with Mapwork so they can be used from Grade 10 till 12.
1. Horizonta
• This type of photograph is taken when the photographer stands on the
ground
• The axis of the camera is parallel to the ground surface.
• Uses: Features, vegetation, climate region, land use, season
2. Aeria
• Aerial photographs record the landscape as observed from an aircraf
a) High oblique Aeria
• This is when the camera is tilted at about 60o to the vertica
• The horizon can be seen on the photograph
b) Low oblique Aeria
• This is when the camera is tilted at about 30o to the vertica
• The horizon can’t be seen on the photograp
• oblique photographs are used to show large area, particularly features
such as communications, topography, vegetation and settlement
patterns
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, Advantages of oblique photographs: Can see the height of building
Disadvantages of oblique photographs: Objects in the front block out
objects in the back, objects in the front look bigger than objects behind
3. Vertica
• This is when the camera is tilted at 90o to the earth’s surface.
Advantages
• The scale is accurat
• All objects can be see
• Used to draw topographic map
How aerial photographs are take
• Aerial photographs are taken by means of a special camera mounted
on an airplane
• The airplane is own at a constant altitude above sea level, NOT a
constant height above the ground
• The pilot ies in a pattern from east to west and west to east
• The photographs are taken in strips, each photograph overlaps the
one before by 60%. As the strip are completed the airplane turns
around and photographs the next strip. The two strips overlap by 30%
• Aerial photographs would be useful to cartographers, historians, town
planners, geographers, geologists, researchers
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, Orthophotos
An orthophoto is a black and white aerial photograph with a scale of
1:100000
Features
• 1cm= 100
• Contour interval = 5
• Spot heights and trig beacons are show
• The names of some roads are presen
• Some landmarks are name
Advantages
• Can see a lot more detail because of the large scale
• Orthophotos are produced more cheaply so they are quicker to
update
Scal
How much the actual area of the map has been shrunk to t on the map
is known as the scale of the map
• 1:350 000 000 is a smaller scale and 1:10 000 is a larger scale
• The larger the scale the less reality has been struck and thus the more
detail is shown
• The smaller the scale the more reality has been shrunk and thus the
less detail is shown
• In South Africa we use 1:50 000 topographic maps
Steps to complete a map code
1. Put your Latitude- oS
2. Put your longitude - oE
3. Split the single block up into 4 smaller blocks- A B C D
4. Split the single smaller block into 4 even smaller blocks- A B C D
5. Put a X into the correct block reference
6. EG 2531CC
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