Accounting

An explanation of VAT INPUT and VAT OUTPUT as well as INCLUSIVE and EXCLUSIVE is given. The format of the accounts are shown and a classification of accounts as input or output VAT as well as being positive or negative to that account. Examples of zero rated items are also provided. This is a simple summary which will provide clarity of the VAT accounts.

These notes cover In depth process of manufacturing / cost accounting. Direct and indirect materials, fixed and variable costs, unit cost, mark up, selling price, purchases, labour, factory overheads, admin and selling and distribution, work in progress, finished goods consumable stores are all covered. The format for each ledger account as well as the format and detailed production cost statement is included. Break even point is covered extensively and well as the factors which affect cost per...

These notes cover the different types of inventory systems (perpetual and periodic) as well as stock valuation methods (specific identification, FIFO and weighted average). These notes cover the recording of the trading stock, cost of sales, sales and trading accounts as well as calculations to determine value of closing stock, number of units sold/unsold, weighted average cost per unit, carriage, profit, sales and cost of sales. The trading account and profit and loss is also covered.

These notes cover the basics of companies, the theory which includes definitions of important terms. The processing of transactions and recording of accounts is included. This covers ordinary shares (issue of shares, repurchase of shares, issue of shares at different prices), income tax (provisional as well as yearly), dividends on ordinary shares (interim and final) , directors and audit fees, appropriation account, retained income. Theory included provides reasoning for certain processes. A su...

These notes cover In depth process of dealing with all things related to fixed assets such as asset disposals, depreciation, control of fixed assets, fixed asset managers, GAAP principles, internal control, etc. The fixed asset note is covered in more depth in my financial statements notes available on my profile.

This summary covers the format of both the income statement and balance sheet as well as the respective notes for each. Examples of accounts are given as well as where to post what information. Detailed process of additions and subtractions are clearly indicated. These notes can be used for anyone in grade 10 through to matric.

These notes cover an in-depth summary of the cash flow statement, including a focus on each of the 3 types of activities, the format and how to post to the statement, what are inflows and outflows, how to calculate interest, tax and dividends paid as well as the notes for cash generation from operations.

These notes cover basic adjustment principals such as loans, fixed deposits, interest, depreciation, rent calculations, salaries and wages, contributions, cheques, insurance, provision for bad debts, year end adjustments (accrued/deferred income/expense) , etc.

These notes cover accounting basics , identifying whether an account is an asset, income, expense or liability.