MICROBIOLOGY 214 STUDY NOTES
Definitions
Chapter 1
Microbiology The study of organisms and acellular biological bodies
that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
Taxa Org that shares common char (Genus - Escherichia)
Basic taxon (species) Collection of strains with similar char (Escherichia coli)
Strain Descendants of single colony from pure cult
(Escherichia coli 0157:H7)
Spontaneous Living organisms can develop from non-living matter
generation
Attenuated Organism loses its ability to cause an illness
Anti-toxin Antibodies that bind toxins
Chapter 3
Plasmids Plasmids are shorter extrachromosomal double-
stranded DNA molecules that can exist independent of
the chromosome
Chapter 7
Growth An increase in cellular components that leads to a rise
in cell numbers
Cell cycle The complete sequence of events extending from the
formation of a new cell through the next division
Septation The process of forming a cross wall between 2 daughter
cells
Cytokinesis The formation of 2 euk daughter cells, but is ow used to
describe this process in ALL cells
Generation time Rate of bacterial reproduction
Doubling time Time taken by 1 individual bacterium to divide
Osmotolerant Micro-organisms that grow over wide range of water
activity and osmotic concentrations
Osmophiles Micro-organisms that need high osmotic pressure for
growth
pH The negative logarithmic of the hydrogen ion
concentration
, Chapter 1: Introduction & History
Introduction
diameter = 1mm/less
cellular microbes (bread moulds) – filamentous photosynth mic vis w/o
micro – consist of small aggregation cells (some multicell) & disting from
pl. and ani. By lack of differentiated tiss
Bacteria = “true”bact/prok
Eukarya = all org composed complex euk cells (incl pl. and ani.)
Archae = archaebacteria – unusual prok cells
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Open - contents not div into compart by mem Has mem-bound organelles
Rel simple morph Morph complex
Lacks true mem-delim nuc Has mem-delim nuc
Bacteria and Archae Protozoa, algae, fungi, pl. & ani.
Progress
Not all prok same ∴ not be grouped in 1 kingdom
Comparison rRNA (Carl Woese) NB in demon 2 v diff groups org – Bact. &
Arch.
Characteristic Bacteria Archae Eukarya
Gen material DNA
Cytoplasm Mem-bound
Ribosomes Present
Metabolism Similar basic metab
Chromo struct Circ Circ Lin
DNA location Nucleoid Nucleoid Nucleus
Chromo seg Bin fiss Bin fiss Meiosis/Mitosis
Introns in genes Rare Common Common
Operons ╳
Initiator tRNA Formylmethionine Methionine Methionine
Ribosomes 70S 70S 80S
Mem-bound org ╳ ╳
Mem lipids Ester-linked Ether-linked Ester
Peptidog in cell
╳ ╳
wall
Methanogenesis ╳ ╳
Temp tolerance Max 90℃ Max 120℃ Max 70℃
Linnaean Binomial Nomenclature
Carolus Linnaeus = Swedish botanist & zoologist - (“Father of Taxonomy”)
invented syst that species assigned 2-part Latinised name
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through EFT, credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying this summary from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ShannonGoodchild. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy this summary for R100,00. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
