A summary on protein and protein synthesis including the process of synthesis, pictures and a helpful YouTube link. Side notes are also included that help explain the topic.
Protein
Many amino acids (monomers) combine to form protein
Protein = 51 combine amino acids or more
There are 20 different types of amino acids that are used to make different proteins.
The order in which they combine determines the protein
Peptide bonds are the bonds between amino acids
Peptide is a chain of amino acids
Polypeptide = >51 amino acids in a chain
Dipeptide = 2 amino acids in a chain
Protein synthesis
Video explanation
The following video may help in better understanding the process.
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oefAI2x2CQM]
Transcription
(1) Segment of DNA unwinds.
(2) Weak hydrogen bonds break.
(3) DNA molecule unzips.
(4) Single strand of DNA acts as a template to form mRNA.
(5) Template DNA strands pick up free RNA nucleotide's from nuclearplasm.
(6) mRNA is formed with coded message for protein to be made.
(7) mRNA moves into cytoplasm
Translation (in Cytoplasm)
(1) mRNA from nucleolus attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
(2) tRNA picks up specific amino acids in the cytoplasm and brings them to the complementary codons (group of 3 nucleotide's) on the mRNA.
(3) Each tRNA molecule moves along the mRNA until its anti codons match the complimentary bases on the mRNA strand.
(4) Amino acids that lie closest to each other form a peptide bond and detach from the tRNA.
(5) tRNA goes back to cytoplasm in search of new amino acids.
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