Fundamentals of
Research Methodology for
Healthcare Professionals
4th edition
Hilla Brink, Christa van der Walt
& Gisela van Rensburg
, Fundamentals
of Research Methodology for
Healthcare Professionals
Fourth edition
Hilla Brink
Christa van der Walt
Gisela van Rensburg
Fundamentals 6PP.indb 1 2017/11/17 7:42 AM
, Fundamentals of Research Methodology
for Healthcare Professionals
First published 1996
Second edition 2006
Third edition 2012
Fourth edition 2018
Juta and Company (Pty) Ltd
First floor, Sunclare building, 21 Dreyer street, Claremont 7708
PO Box 14373, Lansdowne 7779, Cape Town, South Africa
www.juta.co.za
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage
or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Subject to any applicable
licensing terms and conditions in the case of electronically supplied publications, a person may en-
gage in fair dealing with a copy of this publication for his or her personal or private use, or his or her
research or private study. See section 12(1)(a) of the Copyright Act 98 of 1978.
The author and the publisher believe on the strength of due diligence exercised that this work does not
contain any material that is the subject of copyright held by another person. In the alternative, they
believe that any protected pre-existing material that may be comprised in it has been used with ap-
propriate authority or has been used in circumstances that make such use permissible under the law.
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, Contents
About the authors............................................................................................ix
Preface.............................................................................................................x
CHAPTER 1
Orientation to health sciences research............................................................1
What is research?....................................................................................... 2
Definitions of research......................................................................... 3
What is health sciences research?.............................................................. 3
Ways of acquiring knowledge.................................................................... 4
Tradition............................................................................................... 4
Authorities............................................................................................ 4
Logical reasoning................................................................................. 5
Experience............................................................................................ 6
Trial and error...................................................................................... 6
Intuition............................................................................................... 6
Borrowing............................................................................................. 6
The scientific method................................................................................ 6
Limitations of the scientific method................................................... 8
Main types of scientific research.......................................................... 8
Reasons for conducting health sciences research................................ 9
Roles of healthcare professionals in research...................................... 10
Using research knowledge to promote evidence-based practice......... 10
The hierarchy of evidence.................................................................... 12
Systematic and integrative reviews...................................................... 13
CHAPTER 2
Research and theory........................................................................................ 15
The nature of scientific theory.................................................................. 15
Definitions of theory............................................................................ 16
Types of theory.................................................................................... 16
Theory-related terms............................................................................ 18
Development of theory.............................................................................. 21
Testing of theory........................................................................................ 24
The relationship between theory and research......................................... 24
CHAPTER 3
Ethical considerations in the conduct of health sciences research..................... 27
Codes of ethical research........................................................................... 28
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