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Summary Landbouwetenskappe Graad 11 Opsomming Kwartaal 3
Lekker opsomming om die derde kwartaal mee af te skop !
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Landbouwetenskappe Graad 11Kwartaal 4
1
, Eenheid 1 Fotosintese
Outotrofies Lewende organismes wat hul eie organiese voedsel kan vervaardig
Anabolies Bouproses waardeur nuwe molekules gevorm of gesintetiseer word.
Katabolies Kom gewoonlik voor waneer molekules of verbindings in eenvoudiger molekules
afgebreek word.
Wat is fotosintese:
Die proses van voedselproduksie by plante.
→ Plante is outotrofies
→ Blare bevat chloroplaste
→ Blare bevat ensieme
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energie vd son ----------------------) C6H12O6 +6O2
Blaar
Son atmosfeer
Stralingsenergie
Koolhidrate word
in die plant geberg
Mesofilweefsel O2
bevat chloroplaste
CO2
Stingel
Wortels absorber water
2
,Die verskil tussen fotosintese en respirasie:
Fotosintese Respirasie
Anaboliese of bouproses Kataboliese of afbrekingsproses
Koolhidrate word gevorm en energie word in Koolhidrate word afgebreek en energie word
hierdie koolhidrate geberg vrygestel
Koolstofdioksied word uit die atmosfeer Suurstof word uit die atmosfeer geabsorbeer
geabsorbeer.
Suurstof word in die atmosfeer vrygestel Koolstofdioksied word in die atmosfeer
vrygestel
Water word uit die grond geabsorbeer Water word in die atmosfeer vrygestel.
Wat is Respirasie?
→ Koolhidrate word afgebreek en energie word vrygestel.
→ Energie word na’nenergie-draende molecule,ATP , oorgedra wat energie na plekke in
die sel vervoer waar dit benodig word.
→ Koolstofdioksied en water word na die omgewing vrygestel.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ----------------------) 6CO2 +6H2O +
Energie (ATP)
Die pigmente betrokke by fotosintese :
• Chlorofil (Groen)
• Karotene (Geel)
• Karotenoied (Oranje)
• Xantofil (Grys)
→ Chlorofil a en b = absorber blou en rooi lig
Die belangrikheid van fotosintese
• Sit stralingsenergievan dieson om in chemiese energie
• Produseer chemiese energie = in vorm van koolhidrate geberg
• Produseer suurstof = organismes nodig vir sellulere respirasie
• Gebruik CO2 uit die atmosfeer = hou atmosfeer skoon
• Die oorsprong van fossielbrandstowwe
• Vang energie vir biobrandstof = beperk aardverwarming
3
, Donkerfase en ligfase:
▪ Ligfase( Hill-reaksie)
→ Vind in lig (dag) plaas
→ Vind in kwantosome van chloroplaste plaas
→ Kwantosome is pigmentstelsel glee in lamelle ( tilakoiamembraan van chloroplaste)
→ Sluit al pigmente in
→ Lig- energie → chemiese energie
→ Deelvan diechemiese energie :
• Fosforilasie :Om watermolekules in O2 gas en waterstof-ione te splitz in teenwoordigheid van
ligenergie.
o Suurstof word in atmosfeer vrygestel
o H-ione bind met ko-ensieme NADPH ( word in donkerfase gebruik)
• Fotofosforilasie: sintese van ATP in die teenwoordigheid van ligenergie.
▪ Donkerfase (calvin fase)
→ Vind in stroma plaasvan diechlorloplaste
→ Geen lig nodig nie
→ Begruik CO2 + ATP + NAPPH
→ Energie ryke glucose molekules geproduseer
→ Vorm stysel molekules
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