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Summary of the Endocrine System
Basic summary of the endocrine system
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Endocrine SystemOVERVIEW
The endocrine system: collection of specialised cells, tissues, and glands that
produce and secrete circulating chemical messenger molecules called hormones.
Endocrine glands: ductless organs that secrete their products into interstitial
fluid, lymph and blood.
Exocrine glands: secrete products such as mucous, sweat, tears, and digestive
fluid into ducts that empty into appropriate sites.
Organ Hormones it Secretes Functions of Hormones
1. Hypothalam Releasing hormones Producing hormones
us Inhibiting hormones that will stimulate other
(homeostasis) GnRH organs to release/inhibit
Make and secrete LH
and FSH
2. Anterior ANTERIOR: ANTERIOR:
pituitary o Adrenocorticotropi o Controls
gland c hormone (ACTH) production of
(creates, o Thyroid cortisol
releases and stimulating o Controls
stores) hormone (TSH) production of
3. Posterior o Follicle thyroid hormone
pituitary stimulating o Control
gland (stores hormone (FSH) production of
and releases) o Luteinising sperm and ova
hormone (LH) o Causes Leydig
o Prolactin cells to produce
o Growth hormone testosterone and
POSTERIOR: for ovulation
o Antidiuretic start
hormone (ADH) o Milk production
o Oxytocin and development
of mammary
glands
o Height, bones,
muscles,
metabolism
POSTERIOR:
o Reduces amount
of water lost in
urine
o Stimulate
contractions in
childbirth and
breast tissue to
lactate after
childbirth
4. Adrenal gland CORTEX: CORTEX:
cortex o Cortisol o Regulates body’s
5. Adrenal gland (glucocorticoid) stress response
medulla o Aldosterone and blood
(metabolism, (mineralocorticoid glucose levels
immune system, ) o Regulates blood
blood pressure, MEDULLA: pressure (Na+ &
stress response) o Epinephrine K+)
, Endocrine System
o Norepinephrine MEDULLA:
o Fight/flight
response
o Rest/digest
response
6. Kidneys Erythropoietin Red blood cell
(removes Renin production
waste and Blood pressure
extra fluid regulation (Na+ & K+)
from body)
7. Pineal gland Melatonin Sleep and circadian
(sleep-wake/li rhythm regulation
ght-dark cycle
regulation)
8. Thyroid THYROID: THYROID:
gland o Thyroxine o Digestion, heart
(metabolism) o Triiodothyronine & muscle
9. Parathyroid o Calcitonin function, brain
gland (to PARATHYROID: development,
make o Parathyroid maintenance of
parathyroid hormone (PTH) bones
hormone) o Metabolic rate,
heart, digestion,
muscle, brain,
bones
o Regulates
calcium levels
(wow what a
surprise)
PARATHYROID:
o Removes calcium
and phosphate
from bone
o Increases
absorption of
calcium by
digestive tract
o Causes kidneys
to retain calcium
and excrete
phosphate
10. Thymus Thymosin Stimulates development
gland (T-cells) Thymopoietin of T-cells
Production of T-cells
Helps lymphocytes
mature
11. Heart (pump Atrial natriuretic hormone Lower blood pressure
blood around and control electrolyte
body) homeostasis
Increases sodium
excretion
Dilates blood vessels
12. Stomach Gastrin Secretion of HCl in
(digestion & stomach, gastric motility
absorption) and gastric mucosal
growth
13. Pancreas Glucagon (alpha cells) Increases blood glucose
(endocrine & Insulin (beta cells) levels
exocrine Somatostatin (delta cells) Facilitating cell glucose
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