Summary
Summary of Cells & Cell Biology
Summary of the biology of cells
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
Seller
Follow
Content preview
APES: Cell BiologyStructure and Function of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells
Classification in Biology
Prokaryotes – domain bacteria + archaea
Eukaryotes – domain eukarya
PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES
Plasma membrane Plasma membrane
No nucleus Nucleus
Cytoplasm Cytoplasm
No true organelles Organelles
e.g., bacteria cells e.g., all human cells
, APES: Cell Biology
Small size is efficient (the larger a cell gets, more likely it is that its growth and metabolism
will be limited by its ability to supply itself across the plasma membrane; the less likely it can
obtain raw materials and get rid of waste)
Surface area of the cell increased by the presence of microvilli
*TABLE SHOWING FUNCTIONS OF ORGANELLES IN EUKARYOTIC CELL
Cytoplasm Jelly-like fluid made up of cytosol, filaments,
proteins, ions, organelles and macromolecular
structures.
Cytosol Liquid matrix around the membrane-bound
organelles. Contains proteins, amino acids,
mRNA, ribosomes, sugars, ions and messenger
molecules
Nucleus Contains genetic information and controls all
activities of the cell.
Double-layered nuclear membrane, nuclear
pores, chromatin + nucleolus.
Nucleolus Components of ribosomes are synthesised.
Ribosomes Site of protein synthesis. Free ribosomes
synthesise proteins for immediate use and
bound ribosomes synthesise protein that will
be transported to other organelles or exported
from the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Highly folded membranous network.
Rough ER Has ribosomes on surface. Manufactures
proteins that will be secreted.
Smooth ER No ribosomes on surface. Synthesises lipids,
including some hormones. Packages proteins
and lipids for delivery to Golgi apparatus.
Golgi apparatus Refines synthesised products and products are
packaged into vesicles and transported to
other locations within the cell OR to the cell
membrane for export.
Vesicles 1. Secretory (contains products destined for
export from the cell)
2. Endocytic (contains substances imported
from the external environment)
3. Peroxisomes (contains enzymes that detoxify
waste produced by the cell)
4. Lysosomes (contains digestive enzymes)
Mitochondria Number of mitochondria in each cell vary with
the cell’s energy requirement. Has a double
membrane and the inner membrane is highly
folded.
Site of cellular respiration and generates ATP.
Utilises oxygen and produces carbon dioxide.
*other cells store raw energy as lipids; other
cells such as muscle cells store energy as
glycogen (produces ATP more quickly)
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through EFT, credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying this summary from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller leighmcdonald. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy this summary for R133,00. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
70055 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy summaries for 14 years now