In this article you get simplified articles for Ethics and Law to help you with understanding them. Simplified within three paragraphs, making you understand better.
Topic 1
Ramose
The document delves into the concept of law through the lens of ubuntu, an African legal
philosophy that emphasizes the living and lived experience of the legal subject. It contrasts
this with Western legal thought, which prioritizes the legal subject as an abstract entity. The
discussion highlights the role of language in shaping our understanding of legal reality and
explores the foundation of African law in ubuntu. It also emphasizes the geographical
demarcation of African or Bantu law and the impact of human interaction in prehistoric
Africa.
The document further delves into the dominant function of language, particularly from a
Western perspective, describing it as a seductive or violent incursion into the flow of reality.
It questions the ontology and epistemology underlying the centrality of the legal subject in
Western legal thought, advocating for a shift away from the nounal character of the logic of
linguistic violence. The text also touches on the fragmentation of reality as a wholeness,
discussing the meaning and impact of this fragmentative activity from both philosophical
and ontological perspectives.
Moreover, the document explores the basis of African law, particularly ubuntu law,
emphasizing the foundation of African law as a family atmosphere prevailing among
indigenous people. It draws attention to the philosophical and empirical approaches to the
existence of African law and discusses ubuntu law's emphasis on maintaining equilibrium
and the philosophical underpinnings of legal authority. Finally, it addresses the legal and
moral implications of nuclear weapons, citing the International Court of Justice's stance on
the threat or use of nuclear weapons and advocating for unconditional nuclear
disarmament.
Davidson
In "On the Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme," Donald Davidson explores the concept of
conceptual schemes and their implications for understanding reality. He delves into the idea
that different individuals or cultures may have distinct ways of organizing experience,
leading to the belief that reality is relative to these schemes. Davidson scrutinizes the
challenges of conceptual relativism, particularly the difficulty of establishing a meaningful
basis for comparison between different conceptual schemes. He argues that the notion of
organizing experience or fitting sensory evidence does not provide a solid criterion for
distinguishing between conceptual schemes. Davidson also emphasizes the
interdependence of belief and meaning in the interpretation of speech behavior,
highlighting the need for a theory of radical interpretation that does not rely on shared
meanings, concepts, or beliefs. Ultimately, Davidson concludes that while truth remains
relative to language, the abandonment of the dualism of scheme and world re-establishes a
direct connection with the familiar objects that influence the truth or falsehood of
sentences and opinions.
In his analysis, Davidson highlights the limitations of using the ideas of organizing experience
or fitting sensory evidence as grounds for comparing different conceptual schemes. He
emphasizes the necessity of assuming general agreement on beliefs as a starting point for
interpretation, ultimately asserting that differences in conceptual schemes are best
understood as differences in opinion or interpretation, rather than being solely attributed to
distinct beliefs or concepts. Furthermore, Davidson stresses the objectivity of truth,
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