Gross Anatomy Semester 2 Abdomen Notes, meticulously crafted to aid your understanding with ease. Simplified and structured into digestible points, making complex concepts easy to grasp.
Though some diagrams are missing, our detailed descriptions compensate for visual aid, ensuring thorough compr...
→ Theoretical areas
clinicians use to help
localise + identify +
diagnose patients'
symptoms
Abdominal Quadrants
→ Transumbilical plane
– passes through
umbilicus (IVD
between L3 +L4)
, 9 Abdominal Regions
2 Combinations
→ Subcostal plane - passes through
inf border 10th cc
→ Transtubercular plane – passes
through iliac tubercles (L5)
→ Midclavicular lines – from
midpoint clavicle to mid inguinal
point
→ Transpyloric plane – passes through pylorus of stomach in supine position (L1)
→ Interspinous plane – passes through ant sup iliac spines (ASIS)
→ Semilunar lines – either side of rectus abdominis muscle (site of fusion of layers
of rectus sheath)
, NERVES AND BLOOD VESSELS OF ANTEROLATERAL
ABDOMINAL WALL
Nerves of Anterolateral Abdominal Wall
→ Intercostal nerves 7 – 11 (thoraco-abdominal
nerves) + subcostal (T12) + iliohypogastric + Ilio-
inguinal nerves (L1)
→ Lat + ant cutaneous branches (not ilio-inguinal)
supply band of skin
→ *Due to considerable overlap in distribution,
damage only results in diminished sensation in area
of supply
→ Thoracoabdominal nerves between int oblique +
transverse abdominal muscles supply abdominal
skin + muscles
→ Lat cutaneous branches emerge from muscles to enter subcutaneous tissue
along ant axillary line
→ Ant cutaneous branches pierce rectus sheath lat to median plane
Cutaneous veins + lymphatic vessels drain in 2 directions from level of umbilicus
→ Up - to lat thoracic + axillary veins + axillary nodes
→ Down - to superficial epigastric + femoral veins + superficial inguinal nodes
→ 2 channels connecter to thoracoepigastric vein
→ Subcutaneous veins near umbilicus anastomose with portal vein along
ligamentum teres of liver (paraumbilical vein)
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