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Endocrine System Physiology
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Dive deep into the intricate world of physiology with well crafted notes. Organised in a structured format for easy comprehension and quick reference. Designed with clarity and precision to ensure every concept is crystal clear. Each topic is explained in-depth, providing thorough understanding ...

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  • March 14, 2024
  • 29
  • 2023/2024
  • Class notes
  • Dr f khan
  • Endocrine system

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The Endocrine System

Mechanism of hormonal action


 Hormones released on demand (amount depends on need)
 Endocrine glands secrete hormones into interstitial fluid.
 Hormones diffuse into blood
 Only affect specific target cells that have proper receptors to bind to
 In “lock + key mechanism” receptors = lock and hormones = key
 Only when receptors + hormones bind can cellular activity be altered
 Effect of single hormone may be different at different tissues



Chemistry of hormones

,Lipid-soluble hormones



 Function - diffuses from blood through interstitial fluid + lipid bilayer of
plasma membrane to cell
 Can also diffuse through nuclear membrane + bind to receptors deep
in nuclear machinery that will turn genes on + off.
 New mRNA leaves nucleus into cytosol = direct synthesis of proteins
 New proteins alter cells activity + cause physiological responses of
that cell



Water-soluble hormones


 Diffuses from blood but can't cross membrane
 Receptors = membrane
 First massager = hormone delivering message to membrane
 Second massager = relay message inside cell (cyclic AMP/cAMP
synthesized from ATP)
 Alters cells function in several ways by activation of enzymes =
changes activity in cell

, Endocrine glands




Hypothalamus + pituitary
Posterior pituitary

Hormone Target tissue Effect on target Result
released tissue
Oxytocin Smooth muscle of Stimulates Expelling baby
uterus contraction + placenta
Smooth muscle of Releases milk
breast ducts during breast
feeding
ADH/ Tubules of kidneys Increases Increase BP
vasopressin permeability
Arterioles vasoconstriction

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