“... an international community influenced by technological development and economic,
political and military interests. It is characterised by a worldwide increase in interdependence,
interactivity, interconnectedness, and the virtually instantaneous exchange of information.
Globalisation may lead to the homogenisation of world cultures, or to hybridisation and
multiculturalism.”
Two opposing views:
Utopian view:
o Global village
o Marshall McLuhan
Dystopian view:
o Cultural imperialism – imperial domination of the world maintained partly
through the distribution of cultural products.
o Herbert Schiller
Utopian view:
Communication technology makes world smaller: overcome geographical obstacles
using digital networks.
There is access to public space; there is democracy, education, equality, and there are
more opportunities to build communities.
New “imagined communities” beyond the nation state: imagined commonalities
between subjects who may have never met.
“The medium is the message”:
McLuhan can be seen as a technological determinist: technology shapes society, and
not vice versa.
Technology that is used for communication structures our engagement with and
perception of the world.
What about our agency, ability, or need to instigate social change?
Dystopian view:
Cultural diversity is threatened by the fact that the field is dominated by transnational
media corporations that flood local media with products from the northern
hemisphere.
This is linked to colonial capitalism – Africa produces what it does not consume and
consumes what it does not produce.
Western culture prevails.
Is globalisation new?
No
Migrations, conquests, and exchanges are key features in our history.
For example, colonial expansion and the diaspora created by the slave trade.
Corporate globalisation is the key problem.
Apartheid:
A system of neo-colonial racial oppression.
Create cheap labour pool to create class privilege for the white minority.
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