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  3. University Of Cape Town (UCT)
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  5. Introduction to Zoology (ZOO2004)

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The following paper aims at giving a general information about Plasmodium vivax, a protozoan parasite causing malaria. The book also covers life cycle, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic features and your therapy schemes of the parasite, and give much attention on the controversy and...

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  • June 26, 2024
  • 4
  • 2023/2024
  • Class notes
  • Dr. mj o'riain
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Plasmodium vivax

Introduction
Plasmodium vivax is one of the five species of Plasmodium parasites that cause
malaria in humans. While less lethal than Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax is
significant due to its wide distribution and potential to cause recurrent
infections. It is primarily found in Asia, Latin America, and parts of Africa.
Understanding P. vivax is crucial for developing effective malaria control and
eradication strategies.


Life Cycle
The life cycle of P. vivax involves two hosts: humans and Anopheles
mosquitoes. It consists of several stages:
1. Sporozoite Stage:
 Transmission: When an infected Anopheles mosquito bites a human, it
injects sporozoites into the bloodstream.
 Liver Stage: The sporozoites travel to the liver and infect hepatocytes.
In the liver, they mature into schizonts which release merozoites into
the bloodstream.
2. Erythrocytic Stage:
 Invasion of Red Blood Cells (RBCs): Merozoites invade RBCs and
develop through ring, trophozoite, and schizont stages.
 Asexual Replication: The schizonts burst from RBCs, releasing new
merozoites that infect more RBCs, causing cycles of fever and chills.
3. Gametocyte Stage:
 Sexual Forms: Some merozoites develop into male and female
gametocytes. When another mosquito bites an infected person, it
ingests these gametocytes.
 Mosquito Stage: Inside the mosquito, gametocytes fertilize and form
ookinetes, which develop into oocysts. These oocysts release
sporozoites that migrate to the mosquito's salivary glands, ready to
infect another human.

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