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Summary Aparthied

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A full note pack on the whole of aparthied in SA. notes have been checked by IEB history teachers and were created by an A aggregate history student. The notes are sufficient for studying aparthied in the Matric syllabus

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  • August 28, 2019
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  • 2018/2019
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APARTHIED

,CIVIL SOCIETY PROTEST IN SA (1970s )

STEVE BIKO AND THE BCM
THE SILENT 60s
During the 60s there was little resistance to apartheid. The NP crushed all
resistance methods
 ANC and PAC were banned in 1960 due to the unlawful organisations act
 1964 leaders of the ANC and MK were arrested at the Rivonia trial
 Many leaders fled into exile
South Africa became a police state with its media controlled. However the rise
of the BCM in the 1970s changed this
 Active involvement from youth, students and workers
 ANC played a limited role because their power was limited by the state
THE ORIGINS OF BC
 Began in 1970s
 Aimed to make black people proud of their culture
 Liberation for black people would only come if they stopped thinking
they were inferior
 Self-determination and self-liberation
 Black people were subject to internal forces (believing they were
inferior) and external forces (the apartheid system)
The BCM rejected white liberals because they did not experience what black
people did
 Steve Biko was the driving force
 Involved in the national union of south African students (NUSAS)
 Which only catered for white needs
 1968 Biko formed south African students organisation (SASO)
AIMS OF THE BCM
 Increase self-respect and confidence of black people
 Pride in identity, culture, and history
 Self-reliance

,  Unity among black people
Biko was influenced by:
 Black panthers
 Anton Lembede ANC YL president
 Student protest movement
 Growing independence of African states
 Ideas of PAC (pan-Africanism)
By 1971 the BCM had grown:
 Black peoples convention (BPC) made in 1972
 Black communities programmes (BCP) made in 1972
 Biko was expelled from Natal university
 1973 Biko helped form the black allied workers union (BAWU)
ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE BCM
 BCP organised self-help schemes
 These projects empowered black people
 Bikos leadership influenced the youth to take action
 Took a leadership role as most of the ANC and PAC were in exile
 SASM (south African students movement) organised Soweto riots in
1976 and was linked to the BCM
The BCM boosted the trade union movement:
 Strikes in 1973 such as textile mills in Pinetown and other industries in
Durban
 Wiehahn commission and Riekert Act in 1979 legalised trade unions
which eventually led to the relaxation of the pass laws




1976 SOWETO UPRISINGS

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