full note pack on civil society protest in the USA. created by an A aggregate history student and checked by IEB history teachers. sufficient for studying USA civil society protests including civil rights movement, disarmament campaign and women's movement
,WHAT ARE CIVIL RIGHTS?
Rights that should be enjoyed by all citizens
Four freedoms:
1) Freedom of speech
2) Freedom of worship
3) Freedom from want
4) Freedom from fear
Two more:
1) Freedom of assembly
2) Freedom to vote
WHAT IS CIVIL SOCIETY?
Civil society is a grouping that is separate from government and businesses
Civil society includes NGOs
Civil society protest = ordinary people standing together against the
state
Marches, demonstrations , civil disobedience and strikes
Non-violent protests to put pressure in order to force change
AFRICAN AMERICAN EQUALITY 1950s AND 1960s
Amendments after the civil war:
13th amendment = abolish slavery
14th amendment = made black slaves US citizens
15th amendment = right to vote
NATURE OF RACISM IN THE USA AFTER FREEING SLAVES
Discrimination against blacks particularly in southern states
, Southern states used violence to stop slaves from voting
They introduced income and literacy qualifications for voting
By 1900 most southern states had passed Jim Crow laws
EQUAILITY IN THE USA
Black soldiers were allowed to fight in WWII without discrimination but when
they returned home nothing had changed, there was still discrimination
17 states enforced Jim Crow laws
Violence and intimidation prevented blacks from voting
Police did nothing to prevent attacks and neither did juries
Truman followed “separate but equal”
1946 = Truman set up president’s committee on civil rights
1947 = US armed forces were integrated but a proposal to end segregation was
declined
PLATFORMS TO CHALLENGE DISCRIMINATION
EDUCATION
African Americans realised the importance of education
Many became doctors, lawyers and teachers
Howard university in DC became a symbol of black education
ORGANISATION
National association for the advancements of coloured people (NAACP)
Established in 1909
Challenged cases of discrimination
LEADERSHIP
Booker T Washington = work gradually for change
WEB Du Bois = change through education and changing laws
Marcus Garvey = “black pride” celebrate black identity and set up
businesses
Martin Luther King = “non-violent movement” civil rights movement
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