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Psy1004F - Memory Notes

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This is a comprehensive and detailed note on Memory for Psy 1004F. Essential!!

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  • August 11, 2024
  • 12
  • 2023/2024
  • Class notes
  • Prof. lauren
  • All classes
All documents for this subject (19)
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anyiamgeorge19
Memory
 H.M had epileptic seizure at 16
 Operated on 11 years later
 Removed bilateral medial temporal lobes including hippocampus
 Profound anterograde amnesia:
 Can’t remember his last meal, where he lives or his present age .

 Clive wearing: British expert in music
 Herpes encephalitis
 Unable to store new memories (amnesia)
 Spends everyday waking up every 20sec
 Still recalls:
 How to play the piano
 Conduct a choir

Memory isn’t just one thing
 Impairment in one aspect of memory can affect another.
 Doesn’t mean you are without memory.

Importance of memory
 Impossible to learn without memory.
 Learning is central to our survival.
 Allows us to adapt and learn.
 Remember the previous context of a present situation to learn.
 Relevant to psychology

What is memory?
 An active system that records, stores and later retrieves experiences and
information.
 Memory is: process and place

Memory processes (ECSR) “everything can seem right”
1) Encoding
2) Consolidation
3) Storage
4) Retrieval
1) Encoding (keyboard)
 Converts sensory information into a form that the brain can use.
 Translating it into a neural code
 (just like a laptop converts what you type into a code for the laptop to
process)
 Rehearse information over and over.
 Elaborate on the meaning of the information.
 Automatic encoding: people unconsciously notice and remember things .
(nude pumps)
 + flashbulb memories: unexpected event or episode in your life that has
strong emotional associations. (Bathroom door embarrassment).

2) Consolidation
 Recent learned experiences are transformed into long term memories.

,  Something that happens over time to make memories last:
 Structural and chemical changes in the nervous system.

3) Storage (hard drive)
 Retaining information over time, the time the information is held will differ.
 Like saving information in a hard drive.

4) Retrieval (opening a file on a computer)
 Processes that access stored information.
 Getting info you know out of storage.
 Like opening a file on a computer.




Models of memory
 Information processing model
 Parallel distributed processing model
 Levels of processing model

1) Information processing model:
 A metaphor inspired by advances in computer technology.
 The mind as a system that processes information.
 Encodes, stores and retrieves information rather like a computer system
 However:
 Human memory is more prone to error.
 Human memory is more ‘constructive’.
 It can ‘remember’ events that never occurred.

2) Parallel distributed processing model
 Memory as a simultaneous process.
 Creation and storage of memories taking place across a series of mental
networks ‘stretched’ across the brain.
 Simultaneous processing allows people to retrieve different accepts of a
memory all at once.
 Facilitates much faster reactions and decisions.

3) Levels of processing model
 Length of time = depth of processing

All the models have some truth to it:

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