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BLG1501 Assignment 2 2025 (225234) Semester 1 - DUE 11 April 2025 R49,38
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BLG1501 Assignment 2 2025 (225234) Semester 1 - DUE 11 April 2025

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BLG1501

Assignment 2 Semester 1 2025



Unique Number:225234

Due Date: 11 April 2025

Basic Biology

QUESTION 1

1.1 What natural things affect climate in the long run?

Climate is influenced by many natural factors over long periods. These include volcanic
eruptions, which release gases and ash that can cool or warm the Earth. Changes in
the Sun’s energy output also play a role—when the Sun is more active, Earth gets
warmer. Another key factor is the movement of tectonic plates, which shifts landmasses
and alters ocean currents, affecting global weather patterns. Lastly, variations in Earth's
orbit and tilt (Milankovitch cycles) impact how much sunlight different areas receive,
leading to long-term climate shifts.

1.2 The hyphae in parasitic fungi modified to penetrate and absorb nutrients from
host tissue.

These specialized hyphae are called haustoria. They act like tiny straws, piercing the
host’s cells to suck up nutrients without immediately killing the host. This allows the
fungus to survive longer while feeding off its host.

1.3 The stage in fungal reproduction where diploid cells are produced.

This stage is called karyogamy. It happens when the nuclei of two parent fungal cells
merge to form a diploid cell. Soon after, meiosis usually takes place, leading to haploid
spores.

, 1.4 The phylum of organisms that does not exhibit bilateral symmetry.

The phylum Cnidaria, which includes jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones, does not
show bilateral symmetry. Instead, they have radial symmetry, meaning their body parts
are arranged around a central point like spokes on a wheel.

1.5 The concentration of sense organs, nervous control, etc., at the anterior end
of the body, forming a head and brain, both during evolution and in the course of
an embryo's development.

This process is called cephalization. It allows animals to have a distinct head with
sensory organs like eyes and a brain, helping them detect and respond quickly to their
surroundings.

1.6 A body cavity lined by tissue derived only from mesoderm.

This cavity is known as a coelom. It acts like a cushion for internal organs, providing
space for their movement and growth.

1.7 The name given to the region where a leaf is attached to the stem.

This point is called the node. It’s where leaves, branches, and buds grow.

1.8 The plant tissue system that is most analogous to our circulatory system.

The vascular tissue system in plants functions like the human circulatory system. It
consists of xylem, which carries water and nutrients from the roots, and phloem, which
transports food (sugars) made in the leaves to other parts of the plant.

1.9 The protective chambers from which flowers bear seeds.

These chambers are called ovaries. They hold and protect the ovules, which later
develop into seeds after fertilization.

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