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NMQ 745: Chapter 10 - Summary

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Summaries for Chapter 10 of the NMQ (First Steps in Research - Second edition) handbook. These notes are ideal for students studying for their Honours degree in Education (BEdHons). I got 98% for this module using these notes and still use them in my PhD research today.

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  • Chapter 10
  • December 4, 2020
  • 4
  • 2019/2020
  • Summary

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NMQ 745 Chapter 10 Sampling

10.1 INTRODUCTION

 Impossible to include the entire population
 Restrictions being time and cost
 Objective of a survey (uses the sample to learn about the population
 Sample to be drawn in such a way that it would be valid to generalize its results to the
population

10.2 SAMPLING METHODS

 two major classes (probability methods and non-probability methods,
 probability methods are based on the principles of randomness and probability theory
 non-probability methods are not
 probability samples (accurately generalize to the population

10.2.1 Probability sampling methods

 non zero probability of being selected
 objective mechanism is used in the selection procedure
Four methods
1. simple random sampling
2. systematic sampling
3. stratified sampling
4. cluster sampling

 appropriate choice of one
 nature if the research probel
 availability of a good sampling frame
 money time and the characteristics of the population

10.2.1.1 simple random sampling

 complete and up to date sample frame available
 on this list each population element has to be numbered sequentially such that each
element can uniquely be identified
 the actual drawing of the sample involves the generation of a predetermined number
 of random numbers

10.2.1.2 systematic sampling

 systematic sample is drawn is by systematically moving through the sample frame and
selecting every KTH element
1. calculate the sampling interval K as the nearest integer (whole number) to the ratio
(proportion) N/n (see practical example below)
2. get a random integer number between 0 and k, and call it S.
3. the sample consist of the units s, s+k, s+2k, s+3k, s+(n-1) k in the sample frame
 population size is not known and the population elements arrive at a certain location over
time

10.2.1.3 stratified sampling

 population is divided into a number of homogeneous, non-overlapping groups, called strata

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