IEB Grade 12 Life Sciences

Reproductive strategies notes including: courtship, fertilization, ovipary, ovovivipary, vivipary, amniotic egg, parental care, survival strategies

Hominid studies notes including: possible origins of humankind, Australopithecus (afarensis, africanus, sediba), Homo Naledi, Homo (habilis, erectus, heidelbergensis, neanderthalensis, sapiens), Interdependent features of bipedalism, hypotheses of origins of modern humans, evidence for African origins, genetic evidence, Humans vs. apes, fossils

Meiosis notes including: chromosomes, karyotype, where and when meiosis occurs, overview, meiosis 1, meiosis 2, significance of meiosis, mitosis vs. meiosis, chromosomal mutations, aneuploidy

Human endocrine system including: hormones, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, negative feedback mechanism, adrenal glands, pancreas, diabetes mellitus, reproductive organs, homeostasis, disorders

Human reproduction notes including: male reproductive system, female reproductive system, menstrual cycle, fertilization and pregnancy, contraception, ultrasounds, birth, lactation, issues relating to female reproductive system, amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, surrogacy

Plant reproduction notes including: Asexual vs sexual reproduction, vegetative reproduction, Female and Male whorl, pollination, fertilization, seed germination, artificial selection, creating hybrids, polyploidy

Evolution notes including: Rates of evolutionary change, theory of evolution, micro- and macroevolution, representations of macroevolution, patterns of macroevolution, evidence for macroevolution, historical figures, natural selection and descent with modification, artificial selection, inbreeding and outbreeding, speciation, genetic variation, mechanisms of speciation, evolution in present times

Genetics notes including: Gregor Mendel, Terminology, Mendel's laws, Genetic crosses, Pedigrees, Non-mendelian inheritance, polygenic traits, sex linked inheritance, gene pool, applications to biodiversity

Population Ecology notes including: population size, population growth, estimating population size techniques, population regulation, factors affecting population growth, ecological succession, social organisation, human population, South Africa's biodiversity, ecological footprint, Human demand vs. conservation of natural environment, environmental issues